Effective control of lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are triggered by persistent bronchopulmonary infection with , but their roles remain elusive. The present study sought to examine the effects of B- and/or T-cell depletion on infection and TLS development (lymphoid neogenesis) in mice.

Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were pre-treated with 1) an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (B-cell depletion) or 2) an anti-CD4 and/or an anti-CD8 mAb (T-cell depletion) or 3) a combination of anti-CD20, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs (combined B- and T-cell depletion) or 4) isotype control mAbs.

Hip Fracture Leads to Transitory Immune Imprint in Older Patients.

Hip fracture (HF) is common in the geriatric population and is associated with a poor vital and functional prognosis which could be impacted by immunological changes. The objective here is to decipher immune changes occurring in the 1st days following HF and determine how phenotype, function, and regulation of innate and adaptive compartments adapt during acute stress event. We included HF patients, aged over 75 years.

Metabolic Optimisation of Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the FOXP3 transcription factor are presently under investigation by many teams globally as a cellular therapy to induce tolerance in transplantation. This is primarily due to their immunosuppressive and homeostatic functions. Depending on the type of allograft, Treg cells will need to infiltrate and function in metabolically diverse microenvironments.

[Adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2].

The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies. In SARS CoV-2 infection, the immune response is thought to contribute both to the pathogenesis of the disease and to protection during its resolution. While mild cases develop an immune response that contributes to host protection, immunity of severely infected patients is a balance between harmful and protective immune responses.

Publisher Correction: Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Telacebec (Q203)-containing intermittent oral regimens sterilized mice infected with Mycobacterium ulcerans after only 16 doses.

Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is currently treated with a daily combination of rifampin and either injectable streptomycin or oral clarithromycin. An intermittent oral regimen would facilitate treatment supervision. We first evaluated the bactericidal activity of newer antimicrobials against M.

Identification of peptides interfering with the LRRK2/PP1 interaction.

Serine/threonine phosphatases are responsible for modulating the activities of the protein kinases implicated in the development of several pathologies. Here we identified by a PEP-scan approach a peptide of LRRK2, a Parkinson's disease associated protein, interacting with the phosphatase PP1. In order to study its biological activity, the peptide was fused via its N-terminal to an optimized cell penetrating peptide.

New chimeric TLR7/NOD2 agonist is a potent adjuvant to induce mucosal immune responses.

Background: PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor) agonists have been widely tested as potent vaccine adjuvants. TLR7 (Toll-Like Receptor 7) and NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) are key innate receptors widely expressed at mucosal levels.

Methods: Here, we evaluated the immunostimulatory properties of a novel hybrid chemical compound designed to stimulate both TLR7 and NOD2 receptors.

Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Hormone receptor (HR) breast cancer (BC) causes most BC-related deaths, calling for improved therapeutic approaches. Despite expectations, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are poorly active in patients with HR BC, in part reflecting the lack of preclinical models that recapitulate disease progression in immunocompetent hosts. We demonstrate that mammary tumors driven by medroxyprogesterone acetate (M) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (D) recapitulate several key features of human luminal B HRHER2 BC, including limited immune infiltration and poor sensitivity to ICBs.

A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications.

SARS-CoV-2 epidemics raises a considerable issue of public health at the planetary scale. There is a pressing urgency to find treatments based upon currently available scientific knowledge. Therefore, we tentatively propose a hypothesis which hopefully might ultimately help save lives.

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to COVID-19 Infection.

An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, emerged in Wuhan City (China) in December 2019. Despite rigorous containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to expand, causing explosive outbreaks in more than 160 countries with waves of morbidity and fatality, leading to significant public health problems. In the past 20 years, two additional epidemics caused by CoVs have occurred: severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV, which has caused a large-scale epidemic in China and 24 other countries; and respiratory syndrome-CoV of the Middle East in Saudi Arabia, which continues to cause sporadic cases.

TNFα/TNFR2 signaling pathway: an active immune checkpoint for mesenchymal stem cell immunoregulatory function.

Background: In addition to their multilineage potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad range of functions from tissue regeneration to immunomodulation. MSCs have the ability to modulate the immune response and change the progression of different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, there are still many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical administration including the mechanisms behind their immunoregulatory function.