Reshaping computational neuropsychiatry beyond synaptopathy.

Computational neuropsychiatry is a leading discipline to explain psychopathology in terms of neuronal message passing, distributed processing, and belief propagation in neuronal networks. Active Inference (AI) has been one of the ways of representing this dysfunctional signal processing. It involves that all neuronal processing and action selection can be explained by maximizing Bayesian model evidence, or minimizing variational free energy.

Clarification of factors associated with post-artesunate delayed hemolysis (PADH): analysis of 327 patients with severe imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in France.

Background: Post-Artesunate delayed hemolysis (PADH) occurs in approximately 15% of treated patients 2 to 3 weeks after artesunate administration. Identifying risk markers for PADH would help predict which patients are at higher risk.

Methods: In this prospective national cohort study conducted in a non-malaria endemic area from 2011 to 2016, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between clinical and biological data available at Day 0 and the occurrence of PADH within 30 days of artesunate administration.

Enlightening Nursing Care: A Protocol for a Multicenter Observational Study Measuring Nursing Work in Hospital Settings.

: Rising costs and demands for improved quality of care present complex challenges for existing healthcare systems. The strain on healthcare resources is exacerbated by the increasing complexity of patient conditions. The Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) system classifies inpatients according to clinical and treatment criteria, controls healthcare expenditures, and ensures the sustainability of procedures.

Comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and EMDR-GTEP protocols in the treatment of post-traumatic stress in children exposed to humanitarian crises.

Background: The mental health of children living in humanitarian crisis situations is a major issue. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes great psychological suffering and has negative consequences on children's development. The aim of the study was to analyze retrospective data collected in a mental health and psychosocial support program for children in the Central African Republic, and to compare results of two trauma-focused treatment interventions: the narrative protocol Action contre la Faim (ACF)/KONO; and the EMDR-based Group Trauma Episode Protocol (G-TEP).

Pharmacological Enhancement of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Improves Behavioral Pattern Separation in Young and Aged Male Mice.

Background: Impairments in behavioral pattern separation (BPS)-the ability to distinguish between similar contexts or experiences-contribute to memory interference and overgeneralization seen in many neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, dementia, and age-related cognitive decline. Although BPS relies on the dentate gyrus and is sensitive to changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its significance as a pharmacological target has not been tested.

Methods: In this study, we applied a human neural stem cell high-throughput screening cascade to identify compounds that increase human neurogenesis.

[Diagnosis of possession by a djinn in a transcultural consultation].

The transcultural approach is indicated for complex cases where the cultural dimension is useful in fully understanding a problem. The cultural coding of certain symptoms, such as trance or possession, can be difficult to achieve in conventional individual therapy. The clinical case of Aïcha, originally from Morocco, referred by her psychiatrist for a transcultural opinion, illustrates a reflection on diagnostic elaboration in the face of possession by a djinn.

[ETP and transcultural clinics in health centers in French Guiana].

French Guiana is a "transcultural world" in its own right, with its indigenous "inland" populations, highly isolated from the healthcare system, more affected by chronic cardiometabolic and infectious diseases than either the coast or mainland France. Transcultural clinics and therapeutic patient education (TPE) therefore play a key role. French Guiana is a pioneer in TPE, health mediation and the practice of "outreach" via local hospitals, delocalized specialty consultations and so on.

[Play and relational and transcultural issues in occupational therapy].

In occupational therapy, intersubjective movements unfold between the professional and the patient at several levels: in the therapeutic relationship, through the activity and within the institution. A psychodynamic reading of these movements helps to develop working hypotheses. When the person being cared for and the occupational therapist are from different cultures, specific unconscious relational movements are at work.

Association between inflammatory biomarkers and the cognitive response to a multidomain intervention: secondary longitudinal analyses from the MAPT study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of systemic inflammation measured by plasma biomarkers with the change in cognitive function among participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) exposed to the multidomain intervention (MI). Secondary analysis of the MAPT longitudinal data. MAPT is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 3 interventional groups (omega-3 only, MI only, omega-3 plus MI) and a control group.

Population attributable fractions for risk factors for childhood anaemia: Findings from the 2017 Togo Malaria Indicator Survey.

Anaemia continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study estimated the proportion of anaemia cases that could be potentially prevented among children aged 6-59 months in Togo. Data from the 2017 national Malaria Indicator survey in Togo, the last one conducted to date, was used for this study.

Gender differences in the association between adherence to healthy diet principles and adherence to cardiopreventive medication among adults from Québec (Canada).

Adherence to healthy diet principles and to cardiopreventive medication, both key behaviors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, is known to differ between women and men. Whether these adherence behaviors are differentially related among women and men has never been thoroughly assessed. The objective was to assess gender differences in the association between adherence to healthy diet principles and to cardiopreventive medication in adults free of CVD.

Species-specific mercury speciation in billfishes and its implications for food safety monitoring and dietary advice.

Humans are exposed to toxic methylmercury mainly by consuming marine fish, in particular top predator species like billfishes or tunas. In seafood risk assessments, mercury is assumed to be mostly present as organic methylmercury in predatory fishes; yet high percentages of inorganic mercury were recently reported in marlins, suggesting markedly different methylmercury metabolism across species. We quantified total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in muscle of four billfish species from the Indian and the Pacific oceans to address this knowledge gap.

Evaluation of the Learning Curve Threshold in Robot-Assisted Lung Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Recent publications suggest that the threshold for validation of the learning curve is 25 procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate this threshold using another rarely used method, based on a composite quality indicator.

Methods: We included all patients from the French medico-administrative database receiving robot-assisted surgery for lung cancer, with a focus on hospitals performing at least 25 procedures over the period 2019-2022.

Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Response From Cortical Structure on MRI: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA-MDD Working Group.

Accurately predicting individual antidepressant treatment response could expedite the lengthy trial-and-error process of finding an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested and compared machine learning-based methods that predict individual-level pharmacotherapeutic treatment response using cortical morphometry from multisite longitudinal cohorts. We conducted an international analysis of pooled data from six sites of the ENIGMA-MDD consortium (n = 262 MDD patients; age = 36.

Impact of vitamin C on the reduction of opioid consumption for acute musculoskeletal pain: A double-blind randomized control pilot study.

Introduction: Recent evidence has shown that vitamin C has analgesic and opioid sparing properties in immediate postoperative context. However, this has never been studied for acute musculoskeletal (MSK) emergency department (ED) injuries. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized placebo-controlled study to determine the opioid sparing and analgesic effect of vitamin C compared to placebo, in acute MSK injured ED patients.

White matter hyperintensities and their role in major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional study in adults under 65.

Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) in individuals aged 65 and over. WMH are prevalent in adults under 65, yet the association between their volume and MDE in this population remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between WMH volume and MDE and its severity in patients < 65.

Adherence to MIND Diet and Risk of Recurrent Depressive Symptoms: Prospective Whitehall II Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: This study examined the association between adherence to the Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, its components, and recurrent depressive symptoms (DepSs).

Methods: The analyses included 4824 participants (73% men, mean age = 61; SD = 5.9) from the British Whitehall II cohort study.

Stunting and academic trajectory in urban settings of Burkina Faso.

Background: Impaired growth in childhood can lead to poor cognitive development and low school performance. However, literature on the effects of stunting on school trajectory is very limited. The primary objective of this research was to estimate the age at which children start school according to levels of height-for-age z-score (stunting).

Congenital absence of vas deferens: Anatomical and embryological inputs from a series of autopsies reported in Europe throughout the 18th and 19th century.

Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a syndrome with a heterogeneous presentation: bilateral (CBAVD) or unilateral (CUAVD), complete or partial and associated or not with other anomalies of the male urogenital system. A turning point came in 1968 when CBAVD was associated with cystic fibrosis and its CFTR gene mutations. Genetic studies then revealed that a minority of CBAVD but a majority of CUAVD are CFTR-independent.

Bayesian brain theory: Computational neuroscience of belief.

Bayesian brain theory, a computational framework grounded in the principles of Predictive Processing (PP), proposes a mechanistic account of how beliefs are formed and updated. This theory assumes that the brain encodes a generative model of its environment, made up of probabilistic beliefs organized in networks, from which it generates predictions about future sensory inputs. The difference between predictions and sensory signals produces prediction errors, which are used to update belief networks.