Factors associated with placement along the HIV prevention and care continuum among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine use among sexual minority men (SMM) has been associated with poor ART adherence, and reduced initiation and adherence to PrEP. From May 2021 to May 2023, 226 SMM were enrolled in , a culturally responsive smartphone application to reduce methamphetamine use and improve sexual health. Using a status-neutral approach, an ordinal variable reflected participants' placement on the HIV Prevention/Care Continuum, from HIV-positive, not taking ART, to HIV-negative, currently taking PrEP.

Thermosensory predictive coding underpins an illusion of pain.

The human brain has a remarkable ability to learn and update its beliefs about the world. Here, we investigate how thermosensory learning shapes our subjective experience of temperature and the misperception of pain in response to harmless thermal stimuli. Through computational modeling, we demonstrate that the brain uses a probabilistic predictive coding scheme to update beliefs about temperature changes based on their uncertainty.

Synaptic-dependent developmental dysconnectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Disruption of large-scale functional connectivity in 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) has been widely reported, but the biological factors driving these changes remain unclear.

Brain-wide dynamic coactivation states code for hand movements in the resting state.

Resting brain activity, in the absence of explicit tasks, appears as distributed spatiotemporal patterns that reflect structural connectivity and correlate with behavioral traits. However, its role in shaping behavior remains unclear. Recent evidence shows that resting-state spatial patterns not only align with task-evoked topographies but also encode distinct visual (e.

Connecting the dots: Understanding and addressing the metabolic impact of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications.

Serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia and major depression are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, resulting in much shorter life expectancies in those affected. The discovery of antipsychotic medications ushered in improved health outcomes for people with serious mental disorders but also brought about increased morbidity due to their metabolic side effects, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Antidepressant medications have a more favorable metabolic side effect profile, but some can still cause weight gain and hyperglycemia.

Are resting-state network alterations in late-life depression related to synaptic density? Findings of a combined 11C-UCB-J PET and fMRI study.

This study investigates the relationship between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) topological properties and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) synaptic density (SD) in late-life depression (LLD). 18 LLD patients and 33 healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI, 3D T1-weighted MRI, and 11C-UCB-J PET scans to assess SD. The rs-fMRI data were utilized to construct weighted networks for calculating four global topological metrics, including clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency, and small-worldness, and six nodal metrics, including nodal clustering coefficient, nodal characteristic path length, nodal degree, nodal strength, local efficiency, and betweenness centrality.

Individualized Hyaluronidase-Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin 10% Administration in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: The Nurse's Role.

Hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG) 10% offers potential improvements in patient independence and tolerability versus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) when used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). fSCIG 10% also requires less frequent infusions and fewer infusion sites than conventional subcutaneous immunoglobulin (subcutaneous immunoglobulin without hyaluronidase). The ADVANCE-CIDP 1 study demonstrated fSCIG 10% efficacy and safety in preventing CIDP relapse and positive responses from patients in terms of satisfaction and treatment preference.

Nurses, Chaplains, Clergy and Measurement Scales.

Much of the research in this issue relates to the long-standing profession of nursing and, secondly, the even longer established professions of chaplaincy and the clergy. This issue also provides evidence of the ever-increasing number of religious and spirituality measurement scales, as well as various other forms of religious and/or spiritual evaluations and the associated psychometric properties. Several articles researching religiosity/spirituality, however, identify common research limitations, in particular the error of using contaminated scales and the need to avoid tautological and uninterpretable results.

Contribution of fatigue experienced by Parkinson's Disease patients on caregiver burden.

Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting up to 50% of patients. It is suggested that PD-related fatigue may contribute to the burden perceived by caregivers.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of PD-related fatigue on caregiver burden.

Comparison of Myringitis Incidence in Cartilage Myringoplasty With and Without External Ear Canal Packing For the Repair of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforations.

We compared the long-term efficacy and incidence of myringitis after cartilage graft underlay myringoplasty for chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations with and without external ear canal (EAC) packing. : In total, 129 patients who met the inclusion criteria were allocated to either the EAC packing (packing) group or the no-EAC packing (no-packing) group. All patients underwent endoscopic cartilage graft underlay myringoplasty.

Antidepressants, relapse-prevention medications and both combined to reduce alcohol-related hospitalizations in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder.

Data on the comparative usefulness of medications commonly prescribed to individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are scarce. This study compared the association between antidepressants, relapse-preventive AUD medication, both, and neither on the risk of subsequent alcohol-related hospitalization in individuals with severe AUD. This retrospective analysis of Swedish nationwide register data used Cox (primary analysis) and logistic (sensitivity analysis) regression models to assess the associations between medication exposure (antidepressants, AUD medication, both, neither) and risk of subsequent alcohol-related hospitalization.

Maternal Inflammatory Proteins in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Age 10 Years.

Importance: Maternal inflammation during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, and cognitive deficits in early childhood. However, little is known about the contributions of a wider range of inflammatory proteins to this risk.

Objective: To determine whether maternal inflammatory proteins during pregnancy are associated with the risk of NDDs and executive functions (EF) in middle childhood and to identify protein patterns associated with NDDs and EF.

Precision Exercise Effect on Fatigue and Function in Lung Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Exercise intervention studies have shown benefits for patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery, yet most interventions to date have been resource intensive and have followed a one-size-fits-all approach.

Objective: To determine whether a personalized, clinic-aligned perioperative exercise program with remote monitoring and instructions can improve physical function and fatigue among patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Precision-Exercise-Prescription (PEP) randomized clinical trial is a single-center phase 3 trial.

Expectancy Effects, Failure of Blinding Integrity, and Placebo Response in Trials of Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Importance: Expectancy effects are significant confounding factors in psychiatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs), potentially affecting the interpretation of study results. This narrative review is the first, to our knowledge, to explore the relationship between expectancy effects, compromised blinding integrity, and the effects of active treatment/placebo in psychiatric RCTs. Additionally, we present statistical and experimental approaches that may help mitigate the confounding impact of expectancy effects.

Nicotine Exposure From Smoking Tobacco and Vaping Among Adolescents.

Importance: It remains unknown whether nicotine intake among youths who vape is lower, comparable, or higher than among youths who smoke.

Objective: To examine potential differences in biomarkers of exposure to nicotine (1) between adolescents who smoke tobacco, vape, both vape and smoke (dual use), or do not use; (2) between adolescents in 3 countries; and (3) by nicotine content and form in the vaping product last used among adolescents who exclusively vaped.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based, observational cross-sectional study invited adolescents aged 16 to 19 years in Canada, England, and the US who had previously completed national surveys to participate in a biomarker study based on their vaping and smoking status.

Association of Diet and Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Brain Connectivity and Memory in Aging.

Importance: Epidemiological studies suggest that lifestyle factors are associated with risk of dementia. However, few studies have examined the association of diet and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with hippocampus connectivity and cognitive health.

Objective: To ascertain how longitudinal changes in diet quality and WHR during midlife are associated with hippocampal connectivity and cognitive function in later life.

Exercise and Psychosexual Education to Improve Sexual Function in Men With Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sexual dysfunction is a common adverse effect of prostate cancer treatment, and current management strategies do not adequately address physical and psychological causes. Exercise is a potential therapy in the management of sexual dysfunction.

Objective: To investigate the effects of supervised, clinic-based, resistance and aerobic exercise with and without a brief psychosexual education and self-management intervention (PESM) on sexual function in men with prostate cancer compared with usual care.

Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Change Implicit Associations Against Alcohol in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Preregistered Clinical Trial.

Addictive behaviour is shaped by the dynamic interaction of implicit, bottom-up and explicit, top-down cognitive processes. In alcohol use disorder (AUD), implicit alcohol-related associations have been shown to predict increased subsequent alcohol consumption and are linked to the risk of relapse. Explicit cognitive processes, exerting prefrontal top-down control, are particularly significant during the critical period following the decision to abstain.

Co-Authoring and Reporting on Lived Experience Engagement in Mental Health and/or Substance Research: A Qualitative Study and Guidance Document.

Introduction: There is a move towards engaging people with lived experience and families (PWLE/F)-also referred to as PWLE/F engagement-in mental health and/or substance use research. However, PWLE/F engagement is inadequately reported on in mental health and/or substance use research papers.

Objective: To understand what PWLE/F and researchers perceive are important components to report on related to engagement in mental health and/or substance use research.

Development of a Situation-Specific Biopsychosocial Model of Pain in Heart Failure.

Theories of pain have been developed in several patient populations, but none currently exist for heart failure (HF) that include contributing factors and associated outcomes. We developed a situation-specific theory of pain in HF by adapting the biopsychosocial model of pain. Existing theoretical and empirical literature in HF samples was utilized to construct the new theory.

"I Thought I Was Going to Die": Identifying Gaps in the Intimate Partner Violence Service Provision System for Black Women.

Black women experience the highest mortality and morbidity resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, yet there remains a dearth of culturally responsive interventions designed to meet their needs within the coordinated community response system. We employed the Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior to explicate the barriers that Black women experience when securing assistance from providers within the IPV service provision system, inclusive of the criminal legal, child protective service, shelter, healthcare, and mental healthcare systems. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 people who self-identified as Black women who were help-seeking within the IPV service provision system at the time of data collection.