A ganglioside-based immune checkpoint enables senescent cells to evade immunosurveillance during aging.

Although senescent cells can be eliminated by the immune system, they tend to accumulate with age in various tissues. Here we show that senescent cells can evade immune clearance by natural killer (NK) cells by upregulating the expression of the disialylated ganglioside GD3 at their surface. The increased level of GD3 expression on senescent cells that naturally occurs upon aging in liver, lung, kidney or bones leads to a strong suppression of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance.

Lactoferrin as a Versatile Agent in Nanoparticle Applications: From Therapeutics to Agriculture.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a potent choice for various applications, from drug delivery to agricultural studies, serving as an alternative and promising methodology for future advancements. They have been widely explored in delivery systems, demonstrating immense promise and high efficiency for the delivery of numerous biomolecules such as proteins and anticancer agents, either solely or modified with other compounds to enhance their capabilities. In addition, the utilization of NPs extends to antimicrobial studies, where they are used to develop novel antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral formulations with advanced characteristics.

Association between emergency medical services' response times, low socioeconomic status, and poorer outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the MEDIC multicenter retrospective cohort study for disparities in access to prehospital critical care in the Paris metropolitan area.

Background And Importance: Prolonged emergency medical services' response times (EMS-RT) are associated with poorer outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The patient access time interval (PATI), from vehicle stop until contact with patient, may be increased in areas with low socioeconomic status (SES).

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify predictors of prolonged EMS-RT intervals, and to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes in OHCAs occurring in the largest metropolitan area in France.

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Linked to Abnormal Splicing From an AIMP1 Missense Variant.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by lower limb spasticity and weakness. To date, over 80 genes have been associated with HSP, but many families remain without a molecular diagnosis. In this study, linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed to identify the causal gene in a HSP family with autosomal recessive inheritance.

Extracellular Optogenetics to Interrogate Unmodified Primary Cell Functions.

Optogenetics often requires genetic modification of the target cells to enable the expression of specific optogenetic tools, making it difficult to study primary cells in their native state. We have recently generated a fully extracellular optogenetic system for reversible light control of T cell receptor (TCR) activation on murine naïve T cells, a cell model that is very difficult to manipulate genetically. This molecular system is very versatile and can be easily modified to study different cell systems in different species.

Deciphering the Complexity of the Immune Cell Landscape in Kidney Allograft Rejection.

While the Banff classification dichotomizes kidney allograft rejection based on the localization of the cells in the different compartments of the cortical kidney tissue [schematically interstitium for T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) and glomerular and peritubular capillaries for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR)], there is a growing evidences that subtyping the immune cells can help refine prognosis prediction and treatment tailoring, based on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney allograft rejection. In the last few years, multiplex IF techniques and automatic counting systems as well as transcriptomics studies (bulk, single-cell and spatial techniques) have provided invaluable clues to further decipher the complex puzzle of rejection. In this review, we aim to better describe the inflammatory infiltrates that occur during the course of kidney transplant rejection (active AMR, chronic active AMR and acute and chronic active TCMR).

Hematopoietic stem cell a reservoir of innate immune memory.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare, long-lived and multipotent population that give rise to majority of blood cells and some tissue-resident immune cells. There is growing evidence that inflammatory stimuli can trigger persistent reprogramming in HSCs that enhances or inhibits the cellular functions of these HSCs and their progeny in response to subsequent infections. This newly discovered property makes HSCs a reservoir for innate immune memory.

Vesicle docking and fusion pore modulation by the neuronal calcium sensor Synaptotagmin-1.

Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) is a major calcium sensor for rapid neurotransmitter release in neurons and hormone release in many neuroendocrine cells. It possesses two tandem cytosolic C2 domains that bind calcium, negatively charged phospholipids, and the neuronal SNARE complex. Calcium binding to Syt1 triggers exocytosis, but how this occurs is not well understood.

Centromeric localization of αKNL2 and CENP-C proteins in plants depends on their centromere-targeting domain and DNA-binding regions.

In eukaryotes, accurate chromosome segregation during cell division relies on the centromeric histone H3 variant, CENH3. Our previous work identified KINETOCHORE NULL2 (αKNL2) as a plant CENH3 assembly factor, which contains a centromere-targeting motif, CENPC-k, analogous to the CENPC motif found in CENP-C. We also demonstrated that αKNL2 can bind DNA in vitro in a sequence-independent manner, without the involvement of its CENPC-k motif.

Basement membranes are crucial for proper olfactory placode shape, position and boundary with the brain, and for olfactory axon development.

Despite recent progress, the complex roles played by the extracellular matrix in development and disease are still far from being fully understood. Here, we took advantage of the zebrafish mutation which affects Laminin γ1, a major component of basement membranes, to explore its role in the development of the olfactory system. Following a detailed characterisation of Laminin distribution in the developing olfactory circuit, we analysed basement membrane integrity, olfactory placode and brain morphogenesis, and olfactory axon development in mutants, using a combination of immunochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging of cell movements and axon behaviours.

Corrigendum: Worldwide study on field trials of biotechnological crops: new promises but old policy hurdles.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.

Infant mice fed soy-based formulas exhibit alterations in anxiety-like behaviours and the 5-HT system.

Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen with oestrogen-like activity found in many plants. Classified as an endocrine disruptor, GEN is potentially hazardous, particularly during developmental stages. It induces alterations in anxious behaviour, fertility, and energy metabolism, alongside modifications in specific brain circuits.

Investigation of choroid plexus variability in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders-insights from a multimodal study.

Previous studies have suggested that choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement occurs in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and is associated with peripheral inflammation. However, it is unclear whether such an enlargement delineates a biologically defined subgroup of SSD. Moreover, it remains elusive how ChP is linked to brain regions associated with peripheral inflammation in SSD.

Mobilization of an ICEclc-Like Element as a Potential Mechanism for the Spread of IMP-13 Carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a global public health concern. IMP-13 is a carbapenemase that was described for the first time in 2001 but is often underestimated due to poor hydrolysis of carbapenems and a lack of molecular detection. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic support of bla in P.

β-Lactam Inoculum Effect in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis.

Importance: Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with high mortality, approximately 20% to 30%, mostly in the first month, with no improvement in recent decades. Current opinion is that antistaphylococcal penicillin and cefazolin are equally effective in treating methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) IE, and both are recommended as possible first-line treatments. Most MSSA strains carry the β-lactamase blaZ gene, and some blaZ-positive strains exhibit an inoculum effect, meaning increased minimum inhibitory concentrations at high inoculum.

Bisphenol A induces sex-dependent alterations in the neuroendocrine response of Djungarian hamsters to photoperiod.

In nature, species synchronize reproduction and energy metabolism with seasons to optimize survival and growth. This study investigates the effect of oral exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on phenotypic and neuroendocrine seasonal adaptations in the Djungarian hamster, which in contrast to conventional laboratory rodents, is a well-recognized seasonal model. Adult female and male hamsters were orally exposed to BPA (5, 50, or 500 μg/kg/d) or vehicle during a 10-week transition from a long (LP) to short (SP) photoperiod (winter transition) or vice versa (summer transition).

Minimizing the profligacy of searches with reset.

We introduce the profligacy of a search process as a competition between its expected cost and the probability of finding the target. The arbiter of the competition is a parameter λ that represents how much a searcher invests into increasing the chance of success. Minimizing the profligacy with respect to the search strategy specifies the optimal search.

Extensive environmental survey of free-living amoebae and their elusive association with Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are described as environmental reservoirs for some bacteria able to resist their phagocytosis. In the environment, the fate of Mycobacterium bovis (Mbo) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) responsible for bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, respectively, remains poorly understood and is considered potentially problematic in the eradication and control of these diseases.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antidiarrheal Activity of Stem Bark Decoctions of Sabine (Clusiaceae).

is a medicinal plant of which bark decoctions are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea symptoms in Gabon. The aim of the present work was to perform phytochemical and pharmacological analyses of decoctions of bark. In a principal approach, spectrophotometric analyses were used to quantify phenolic compounds, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis that allowed the identification of flavanone-flavone dimers as the main metabolites.

The Effect of Rearing and Adult Environment on HPA Axis Responsivity and Plumage Condition in Laying Hens.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity is influenced by early life experience and also modified by the environment an individual experiences as an adult. Because laying hens are transferred from rearing to laying farms at 16-18 weeks of age, they are well suited to study the interaction effect between early (rearing) and adult (laying) environments on physiology and behaviour. In the European Union, there is a move towards cage-free systems for laying hens, but globally, the majority of layers are kept in conventional or furnished cages.

Antibody-Vincristine Conjugates as Potent Anticancer Therapeutic Agents.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a well-established class of therapeutics primarily used in oncology to selectively deliver highly cytotoxic agents into cancer cells. While ADCs should theoretically spare healthy tissues and diminish side effects in patients, off-target toxicity is still observed, all the more serious, as the drugs are extremely potent. In the quest toward safer payloads, we used the conventional chemotherapeutic drug vincristine to develop antibody-vincristine conjugates.

The endangered common hamster needs proteins: identifying diversified crop-based diets improving hibernation and reproductive success.

Modern production-oriented farming has led to a decline in agricultural biodiversity. In Europe, one example of concern is the common hamster , a hibernating rodent once largely distributed in farmlands and now listed as Critically Endangered. The decline of this species is tied to a significant decrease in hamsters' body mass at emergence from hibernation and in reproduction rate.

Negated actions are simulated within the primary motor cortex.

Controversy persists regarding the representation of linguistically negated actions, specifically concerning activation and inhibitory mechanisms in the motor system, and whether negated action sentences evoke an initial motor simulation of the action to be negated. We conducted two experiments probing corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the primary motor cortex at different latencies while reading affirmative and negative action sentences. In experiment one, twenty-six participants read action and non-action sentences in affirmative or negative forms.