sp. nov., a non-infective non-nitrogen-fixing isolate from root nodules of Wall.

Strains CN4, CN6, CN7 and CNm7 were isolated from root nodules of from Murree in Pakistan. They do not form root nodules on nor on although they deformed root hairs of . The colonies are bright red-pigmented, the strains form hyphae and sporangia but no N-fixing vesicles and do not fix nitrogen .

Tailoring selective triclosan azo-adducts: Design, synthesis, and anti-mycobacterial evaluation.

A series of triclosan azo-adducts were synthesized to investigate their structure-activity relationship against and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The series' most potent compound was four and sixteen times more active than triclosan and rifabutin against drug-resistant , respectively, while being less cytotoxic to human macrophages than triclosan on day one. Additionally, one of the azo-adducts was twice as efficient against as triclosan and twice as effective against as isoniazid.

Encystation and Stress Responses under the Control of Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Pathogenic Amoebae.

Amoebae found in aquatic and terrestrial environments encompass various pathogenic species, including the parasite and the free-living . Both microorganisms pose significant threats to public health, capable of inducing life-threatening effects on humans. These amoebae exist in two cellular forms: trophozoites and cysts.

IL-20 Cytokines Are Involved in the Repair of Airway Epithelial Barrier: Implication in Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and in COPD Pathology.

Background: Dysregulated inflammation as seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with impaired wound healing. IL-20 cytokines are known to be involved in wound healing processes. The purpose of this study was to use ex vivo and in vitro approaches mimicking COPD to evaluate the potential modulatory role of interleukin-20 (IL-20) on the inflammatory and healing responses to epithelial wounding.

Intrabacterial lipid inclusion-associated proteins: a core machinery conserved from saprophyte Actinobacteria to the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), stores triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI) to survive and chronically persist within its host. These highly energetic molecules represent a major source of carbon to support bacterial persistence and reactivation, thus playing a leading role in TB pathogenesis. However, despite its physiological and clinical relevance, ILI metabolism in Mtb remains poorly understood.

Successful 3D imaging of cleared biological samples with light sheet fluorescence microscopy.

In parallel with the development of tissue-clearing methods, over the last decade, light sheet fluorescence microscopy has contributed to major advances in various fields, such as cell and developmental biology and neuroscience. While biologists are increasingly integrating three-dimensional imaging into their research projects, their experience with the technique is not always up to their expectations. In response to a survey of specific challenges associated with sample clearing and labeling, image acquisition, and data analysis, we have critically assessed the recent literature to characterize the difficulties inherent to light sheet fluorescence microscopy applied to cleared biological samples and to propose solutions to overcome them.

Silencing essential gene expression in during infection.

represents the most common rapidly growing mycobacterial pathogen in cystic fibrosis and is extremely difficult to eradicate. Essential genes are required for growth, often participate in pathogenesis, and encode valid drug targets for further chemotherapeutic developments. However, assessing the function of essential genes in remains challenging due to the limited spectrum of efficient genetic tools.

B cell diversification in gut-associated lymphoid tissues: From birds to humans.

Several species generate their preimmune repertoire in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), compensating a reduced germline V gene repertoire by post-rearrangement diversification mechanisms (gene conversion and/or somatic hypermutation) in these environments that act as primary lymphoid organs. We summarize here these processes for three different species (chickens, sheep, and rabbits) and further discuss the analogous process that T-independent B cell responses in humans represent: we indeed recently showed that response against bacterial polysaccharides mobilize marginal zone B cells that prediversified against gut antigens. While the initial diversification strategy differs in these two cases, i.

Mycobacterium abscessus, a complex of three fast-growing subspecies sharing virulence traits with slow-growing mycobacteria.

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus belongs to the largest group of mycobacteria, the rapid-growing saprophytic mycobacteria, and is one of the most difficult-to-treat opportunistic pathogen. Several features pertain to the high adaptability of M. abscessus to the host.

The Need to Set up a Biobank Dedicated to Lymphoid Malignancies: Experience of a Single Center (Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France).

Several therapies to improve the management of lymphoma are currently being investigated, necessitating the development of new biomarkers. However, this requires high-quality and clinically annotated biological material. Therefore, we established a lymphoma biobank including all available biological material (tissue specimens and matched biological resources) along with associated clinical data for lymphoma patients diagnosed, according to the WHO classification, between 2005 and 2022 in the Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Nice, France.

Information-Theoretic Approaches in EEG Correlates of Auditory Perceptual Awareness under Informational Masking.

In informational masking paradigms, the successful segregation between the target and masker creates auditory perceptual awareness. The dynamics of the build-up of auditory perception is based on a set of interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes that generate neuronal modifications within the brain network activity. These neural changes are studied here using event-related potentials (ERPs), entropy, and integrated information, leading to several measures applied to electroencephalogram signals.

PLSCR1 is a cell-autonomous defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Understanding protective immunity to COVID-19 facilitates preparedness for future pandemics and combats new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging in the human population. Neutralizing antibodies have been widely studied; however, on the basis of large-scale exome sequencing of protected versus severely ill patients with COVID-19, local cell-autonomous defence is also crucial. Here we identify phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) as a potent cell-autonomous restriction factor against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in parallel genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens of human lung epithelia and hepatocytes before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFNγ).

Multiple Mycobacterium abscessus O-acetyltransferases influence glycopeptidolipid structure and colony morphotype.

Mycobacterium abscessus causes severe lung infections. Clinical isolates can have either smooth (S) or rough (R) colony morphotypes; of these, S but not R variants have abundant cell wall glycopeptidolipids (GPL) consisting of a peptidolipid core substituted by a 6-deoxy-α-L-talose (6-dTal) and rhamnose residues. Deletion of gtf1, encoding the 6-dTal transferase, results in the S-to-R transition, mycobacterial cord formation, and increased virulence, underscoring the importance of 6-dTal in infection outcomes.

The Development of Flexible Problem Solving: An Integrative Approach.

Flexible problem solving, the ability to deal with currently goal-irrelevant information that may have been goal-relevant in previous, similar situations, plays a prominent role in cognitive development and has been repeatedly investigated in developmental research. However, this research, spanning from infancy to the school years, lacks a unifying framework, obscuring the developmental timing of flexible problem solving. Therefore, in this review paper, previous findings are gathered, organized, and integrated under a common framework to unveil how and when flexible problem solving develops.

sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of L.

strain Ag45/Mut15 was isolated from a root nodule of growing in a swamp at lake Grossensee, Germany. The strain forms root nodules on , in which it produces hyphae and clusters of N-fixing vesicles. N-fixing vesicles are also produced in nitrogen-free growth medium, in addition to hyphae and sporangia.

New therapeutic strategies for pulmonary diseases - untapping the mycolic acid pathway.

Introduction: Treatment options against infections are very limited. New compounds are needed to cure pulmonary diseases. While the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway has been largely exploited for the treatment of tuberculosis, this metabolic process has been overlooked in , although it offers many potential drug targets for the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen.

Carbonic Anhydrase Regulates Cytoplasmic pH of Nitrogen-Fixing Vesicles.

A phyloprofile of genomes was carried out to identify those genes present in symbiotic strains of clusters 1, 1c, 2 and 3 and absent in non-infective strains of cluster 4. At a threshold of 50% AA identity, 108 genes were retrieved. Among these were known symbiosis-associated genes such as (nitrogenase), and genes which are not know as symbiosis-associated genes such as (carbonic anhydrase, CAN).

Understanding the relationship between cerebellar structure and social abilities.

Background: The cerebellum contains more than 50% of all neurons in the brain and is involved in a broad range of cognitive functions, including social communication and social cognition. Inconsistent atypicalities in the cerebellum have been reported in individuals with autism compared to controls suggesting the limits of categorical case control comparisons. Alternatively, investigating how clinical dimensions are related to neuroanatomical features, in line with the Research Domain Criteria approach, might be more relevant.

UBAP2L-dependent coupling of PLK1 localization and stability during mitosis.

PLK1 is an important regulator of mitosis whose protein levels and activity fluctuate during the cell cycle. PLK1 dynamically localizes to various mitotic structures to regulate chromosome segregation. However, the signaling pathways linking localized PLK1 activity to its protein stability remain elusive.

The molecular basis and downstream immune consequences of mycobacteria-host cell interactions.

Pathogenic mycobacteria gain entry to their hosts by inhalation or ingestion where they adhere to different cell types and are subsequently internalized by professional phagocytic cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns present on the mycobacterial surface are recognized by and interact with a diverse panel of phagocytic pattern recognition receptors, representing the first step of the infection process. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the numerous host cell receptors and their associated mycobacterial ligands or adhesins.

and Efficacy of NITD-916 against Mycobacterium fortuitum.

Mycobacterium fortuitum represents one of the most clinically relevant rapid-growing mycobacterial species. Treatments are complex due to antibiotic resistance and to severe side effects of effective drugs, prolonged time of treatment, and co-infection with other pathogens. Herein, we explored the activity of NITD-916, a direct inhibitor of the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA of the type II fatty acid synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.