Implementation and validation of a new qPCR assay to detect imported human species.

Diagnosis of imported malaria is based on microscopic examination of blood smears (BS), detection of circulating plasmodial antigen by immunochromatography (ICT), or detection of spp. DNA by loop mediated isothermal amplification. We have developed duplex ( spp.

Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Combination in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria: Update on Clinical Failures in Africa and Tools for Surveillance.

Dihydroartemisinin (or artenimol)-piperaquine is one of the six artemisinin-based combination therapies recommended in uncomplicated malaria treatment. However, artemisinin partial resistance has been reported in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, India, and, recently, in Africa. Polymorphisms in the gene have been described as molecular markers of artemisinin resistance and the amplification of the plasmepsine II/III (/) gene has been associated with piperaquine resistance.

Setting Up an NGS Sequencing Platform and Monitoring Molecular Markers of Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance in Djibouti.

Djibouti is confronted with malaria resurgence, with malaria having been occurring in epidemic proportions since a decade ago. The current epidemiology of drug-resistant is not well known. Molecular markers were analyzed by targeted sequencing in 79 clinical isolates collected in Djibouti city in 2023 using the Miseq Illumina platform newly installed in the country.

Design, synthesis and mechanistic exploration of anti-plasmodial Indolo[2,3-]quinoxaline-7-chloroquinoline hybrids.

The aim of this study is to synthesize indolo[2,3-]quinoxaline-4-aminoquinoline-based hybrids and evaluate their effectiveness against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains, with expected inhibition of chloroquine resistance transporter (CRT) and heme. The hybrids were synthesized and evaluated against both susceptible and resistant strains. Molecular docking and studies were conducted to assess the binding affinities for the CRT protein.

Design, synthesis and mechanistic insights into triclosan derived dimers as potential anti-plasmodials.

In pursuit of novel anti-plasmodial agents, a library of triclosan-based dimers both with and without a 1-1,2,3 triazole core were designed and synthesized in order to achieve a multitargeted approach. assessment against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains identified that two of the synthesized dimers containing triazole were the most potent in the series. The most potent of the synthesized compounds exhibited IC values of 9.

Global Fight against Malaria: Goals and Achievements 1900-2022.

This article examines the historical and ongoing efforts to fight malaria, a parasitic disease caused by species and transmitted by mosquitoes. Despite over a century of control efforts, malaria remains a major global health issue. In 2022, there were an estimated 249 million cases across 85 countries, leading to approximately 600,000 deaths.

Which diagnostic test to use for Testing and Treatment strategies in low-transmission settings: a secondary analysis of a longitudinal interventional study.

Background: The lack of sensitive field tests to diagnose blood stages and hypnozoite carriers prevents Testing and Treatment (TAT) strategies to achieve elimination in low-transmission settings, but recent advances in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and serology position them as promising tools. This study describes a PCR-based TAT strategy (PCRTAT) implemented in Saint Georges (SGO), French Guiana, and explores alternative strategies (seroTAT and seroPCRTAT) to diagnose and treat carriers.

Methods: The PALUSTOP cohort study implemented in SGO (September 2017 to December 2018) screened participants for using PCR tests and treated positive cases.

Metal(triphenylphosphine)-atovaquone Complexes: Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Suppression of Heme Detoxification.

To ascertain the bioinorganic chemistry of metals conjugated with quinones, the complexes [Ag(ATV)(PPh)] (), [Au(ATV)(PPh)]·2HO (), and [Cu(ATV)(PPh)] () were synthesized by the coordination of the antimalarial naphthoquinone atovaquone (ATV) to the starting materials [Ag(PPh]NO, [Au(PPh)Cl], and [Cu(PPh)NO], respectively. These complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopical techniques. X-ray diffraction of single crystals precisely confirmed the coordination mode of ATV to the metals, which was monodentate or bidentate, depending on the metal center.

New guidelines reduce the risk of hospitalization for adult patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: An observational, multicenter, retrospective French study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of malaria declaration year (before or after 2017) on the frequency of hospitalization in metropolitan France of patients with uncomplicated non-vomiting P.falciparum malaria.

Patients And Methods: An observational, multicenter, retrospective study was carried out, using the database from the French National Reference Centre for Malaria.

susceptibility to antimalarial drugs and polymorphisms in drug resistance genes of African , 2016-2023: a genotype-phenotype association study.

Background: Given the altered responses to both artemisinins and lumefantrine in Eastern Africa, monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in all African countries is paramount.

Methods: We measured the susceptibility to six antimalarials using growth inhibition assays (IC) for a total of 805 isolates obtained from travelers returning to France (2016-2023), mainly from West and Central Africa. Isolates were sequenced using molecular inversion probes (MIPs) targeting fourteen drug resistance genes across the parasite genome.

Temporal and spatial dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum clonal lineages in Guyana.

Plasmodium parasites, the causal agents of malaria, are eukaryotic organisms that obligately undergo sexual recombination within mosquitoes. In low transmission settings, parasites recombine with themselves, and the clonal lineage is propagated rather than broken up by outcrossing. We investigated whether stochastic/neutral factors drive the persistence and abundance of Plasmodium falciparum clonal lineages in Guyana, a country with relatively low malaria transmission, but the only setting in the Americas in which an important artemisinin resistance mutation (pfk13 C580Y) has been observed.

Evaluating Plasmodium falciparum automatic detection and parasitemia estimation: A comparative study on thin blood smear images.

Malaria is a deadly disease that is transmitted through mosquito bites. Microscopists use a microscope to examine thin blood smears at high magnification (1000x) to identify parasites in red blood cells (RBCs). Estimating parasitemia is essential in determining the severity of the Plasmodium falciparum infection and guiding treatment.

Pregnancy outcomes in women with imported malaria in mainland France: A retrospective study from 2004 to 2014.

Objectives: There is little data on pregnant women with imported malaria in high-income countries, especially regarding offspring outcomes. We wanted to determine pregnancy outcomes of imported malaria in pregnant women in mainland France.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of outcomes in pregnant women hospitalized with malaria from 2004 to 2014 in two regions of mainland France.

Plasmodium ovale spp dhfr mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to pyrimethamine in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective genetic epidemiology and functional study.

Background: Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dhfr gene confer resistance to pyrimethamine, which is widely used for malaria chemoprevention in Africa. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and evolution of dhfr mutations in Plasmodium ovale spp in Africa and their functional consequences, which are incompletely characterised.

Methods: We analysed dhfr mutations and their frequencies in P ovale spp isolates collected between Feb 1, 2004, and Aug 31, 2023, from the French National Malaria Reference Centre collection and from field studies in Benin, Gabon, and Kenya.

Comparison of SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/Pan and Acro Malaria P.f./P.v./Pan with Microscopy and Real Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Human Species.

The early diagnosis of malaria is crucial to controlling morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends diagnosing malaria either using light microscopy or a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Most RDTs use antibodies to detect two histidine-rich proteins named PfHRP2 and PfHRP3.

Long-Read Sequencing and Genome Assembly Pipeline of Two Clones (3D7, W2) Using Only the PromethION Sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies without Whole-Genome Amplification.

Antimalarial drug resistance has become a real public health problem despite WHO measures. New sequencing technologies make it possible to investigate genomic variations associated with resistant phenotypes at the genome-wide scale. Based on the use of hemisynthetic nanopores, the PromethION technology from Oxford Nanopore Technologies can produce long-read sequences, in contrast to previous short-read technologies used as the gold standard to sequence Plasmodium.

Temporal and spatial dynamics of clonal lineages in Guyana.

parasites, the causal agents of malaria, are eukaryotic organisms that obligately undergo sexual recombination within mosquitoes. However, in low transmission settings where most mosquitoes become infected with only a single parasite clone, parasites recombine with themselves, and the clonal lineage is propagated rather than broken up by outcrossing. We investigated whether stochastic/neutral factors drive the persistence and abundance of clonal lineages in Guyana, a country with relatively low malaria transmission, but the only setting in the Americas in which an important artemisinin resistance mutation ( C580Y) has been observed.

Understanding the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in an Amazon cross-border area with low transmission rate.

Despite the large reduction in malaria incidence in the last decade, the last kilometre to elimination is often the hardest, especially in international border areas. This study investigated the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in people living in a cross-border area in Amazonia with a low malaria transmission rate.

Chikungunya infection in returned travellers: results from the geosentinel network, 2005-2020.

Background: Chikungunya is an important travel-related disease because of its rapid geographical expansion and potential for prolonged morbidity. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of travel-related chikungunya infections may influence prevention strategies including education and vaccination.

Methods: We analysed data from travellers with confirmed or probable chikungunya reported to GeoSentinel sites from 2005 to 2020.