Mobilization of Plasmids From Bacteria Into Diatoms by Conjugation Technique.

Diatoms serve as a source for a variety of compounds with particular biotechnological interest. Therefore, redirecting the flow to a specific pathway requires the elucidation of the gene's specific function. The most commonly used method in diatoms is biolistic transformation, which is a very expensive and time-consuming method.

Addressing the Role of Conventional CD8αβ+ T Cells and CD4+ T Cells in Intestinal Immunopathology Using a Bone Marrow-Engrafted Model.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an aberrant immune response against microbiota. It is well established that T cells play a critical role in mediating the pathology. Assessing the contribution of each subset of T cells in mediating the pathology is crucial in order to design better therapeutic strategies.

SMAD4 TGF-β-independent function preconditions naive CD8+ T cells to prevent severe chronic intestinal inflammation.

SMAD4, a mediator of TGF-β signaling, plays an important role in T cells to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying this control remain elusive. Using both genetic and epigenetic approaches, we revealed an unexpected mechanism by which SMAD4 prevents naive CD8+ T cells from becoming pathogenic for the gut.