Temporal plus epilepsy is a major determinant of temporal lobe surgery failures.

Reasons for failed temporal lobe epilepsy surgery remain unclear. Temporal plus epilepsy, characterized by a primary temporal lobe epileptogenic zone extending to neighboured regions, might account for a yet unknown proportion of these failures. In this study all patients from two epilepsy surgery programmes who fulfilled the following criteria were included: (i) operated from an anterior temporal lobectomy or disconnection between January 1990 and December 2001; (ii) magnetic resonance imaging normal or showing signs of hippocampal sclerosis; and (iii) postoperative follow-up ≥ 24 months for seizure-free patients.

Defining the Effect of the 16p11.2 Duplication on Cognition, Behavior, and Medical Comorbidities.

Importance: The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication is the copy number variant most frequently associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and comorbidities such as decreased body mass index (BMI).

Objectives: To characterize the effects of the 16p11.

Risk factors of postictal generalized EEG suppression in generalized convulsive seizures.

Objective: To identify the clinical determinants of occurrence of postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) after generalized convulsive seizures (GCS).

Methods: We reviewed the video-EEG recordings of 417 patients included in the REPO2MSE study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. According to ictal semiology, we classified GCS into 3 types: tonic-clonic GCS with bilateral and symmetric tonic arm extension (type 1), clonic GCS without tonic arm extension or flexion (type 2), and GCS with unilateral or asymmetric tonic arm extension or flexion (type 3).

Endovascular treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Principles: To assess the efficiency and complication rates of vaso-occlusion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (hereditary haemorrhagic telangectasia; HHT).

Methods: Seventy-two patients were investigated in our institution for HHT between March 2000 and November 2011. Sixteen presented PAVMs (22.

Epilepsy: new advances.

Epilepsy affects 65 million people worldwide and entails a major burden in seizure-related disability, mortality, comorbidities, stigma, and costs. In the past decade, important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and factors affecting its prognosis. These advances have translated into new conceptual and operational definitions of epilepsy in addition to revised criteria and terminology for its diagnosis and classification.

Initial and extended use of femoral versus nonfemoral double-lumen vascular catheters and catheter-related infection during continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: The risk of catheter-related infection or bacteremia, with initial and extended use of femoral versus nonfemoral sites for double-lumen vascular catheters (DLVCs) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), is unclear.

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting & Participants: Critically ill patients on CRRT in a combined intensive care unit of a tertiary institution.

Portal vein embolization: what do we know?

Portal vein embolization (PVE) has been developed to increase the size of the future remnant liver (FRL) left in place after major hepatectomy, thus reducing the risk of postoperative liver insufficiency. PVE consist in embolizing preoperatively portal branches of the segments that will be resected. Indication is based on preoperative measurements of the FRL by computed tomography and its ratio with either the theoretical liver volume or by direct measurement of the functional liver volume.

Indications for and limitations of portal vein embolization before major hepatic resection for hepatobiliary malignancy.

Portal vein embolization is a promising adjunctive tool in liver surgery; however, the understanding of liver regeneration and PVE is still in its infancy. Refinement in patient selection criteria and methods to evaluate hepatic hypertrophy and function should increase the potential indications for PVE and expand the field of major liver surgery.

Radio-frequency tissue ablation of the liver: effects of vascular occlusion on lesion diameter and biliary and portal damages in a pig model.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vascular occlusion on radio-frequency (RF) lesion size and on potential associated biliary and portal lesions. Radio-frequency lesions using a 1-cm exposed-tip cooled electrode were created in pig liver. Liver perfusion was modified by arterial embolization (n=2), left portal clamping (n=2), and both (n=2).