Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein in acute stroke: feasibility to determine stroke-type, timeline and tissue-impact.

Background: Interest is emerging regarding the role of blood biomarkers in acute stroke. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of biomarker acquisition in suspected acute stroke, using modern ultrasensitive immunoassay techniques, and explore their potential usefulness for stroke diagnosis and management.

Methods: In 62 patients with suspected acute stroke, blood samples were prospectively obtained upon arrival and prior to neuroimaging.

Treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a retrospective case series.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast. Various clinical management approaches have been described, but their efficacy and optimal sequential order remain uncertain. We describe the first Canadian cohort of patients with IGM, discuss treatment outcomes and outline a practical management approach.

Age-Related Choroidal Involution Is Associated with the Senescence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Choroid.

Choroidal involution is a common feature of age-related ischemic retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is now well recognized that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are essential to endothelial repair processes and in maintaining vascular integrity. However, the contribution of EPCs and the role of senescence in age-related choroidal vascular degeneration remain to be investigated.

Patterns of cortical thickness in MCI patients with and without semantic impairment.

Background: About half of MCI patients experience semantic deficits, which may predict progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neural basis of these deficits in MCI is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between semantic memory performance and cortical thickness in MCI patients.

A Five-Year Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Standard-Dose Versus Low-Dose Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus With or Without Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Post Kidney Transplantation.

Introduction: Novel approaches to improve long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients are required. Here, we present the 5-year data from a multicenter, prospective, Phase 3b trial evaluating treatment outcomes with standard (STD) or low (LOW) dose prolonged-release tacrolimus (TAC) combined with ACEi/ARB or other antihypertensive therapy (OAHT) in Canadian kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: Adult de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized 2 × 2 to STD or LOW dose TAC and ACEi/ARB or OAHT.

Durvalumab and tremelimumab in patients with advanced rare cancer: a multi-centre, non-blinded, open-label phase II basket trial.

Background: Dual inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been shown to be an effective treatment strategy in many cancers. We sought to determine the objective response rate of combination durvalumab (D) plus tremelimumab (TM) in parallel cohorts of patients with carefully selected rare cancer types in which these agents had not previously been evaluated in phase II trials and for which there was clinical or biological rationale for dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to be active.

Methods: We designed a multi-centre, non-blinded, open-label phase II basket trial with each of the following 8 rare cancers considered a separate phase II trial: salivary carcinoma, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and/or expressing PD-L1, mucosal melanoma, acral melanoma, osteosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCCO) or squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA).

Reasoning and interpretation cognitive biases related to psychotic characteristics: An umbrella-review.

Cognitive biases have been studied in relation to schizophrenia and psychosis for over 50 years. Yet, the quality of the evidence linking cognitive biases and psychosis is not entirely clear. This umbrella-review examines the quality of the evidence and summarizes the effect sizes of the reasoning and interpretation cognitive biases studied in relation to psychotic characteristics (psychotic disorders, psychotic symptoms, psychotic-like experiences or psychosis risk).

Cortical hemodynamics of electrographic status epilepticus in the critically ill.

Objectives: The pathophysiological mechanisms of status epilepticus (SE) underlying potential brain injury remain largely unclear. This study aims to employ functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with video-electroencephalography (vEEG) to monitor brain hemodynamics continuously and non-invasively in critically ill adult patients experiencing electrographic SE. Our primary focus is to investigate neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular changes associated with seizures, particularly during recurring and/or prolonged episodes.

Reliability and applicability of angiographic outcome scales in WEB device-treated aneurysms: a systematic review.

Purpose: Various angiographic assessment scales have been used to report the results of endovascular treatment with the WEB device. We aimed to review the use and reliability of these scales.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting angiographic outcomes of WEB-treated aneurysms from January 2010 to May 2023.

Predicting early stage lung cancer recurrence and survival from combined tumor motion amplitude and radiomics on free-breathing 4D-CT.

Background: Cancer control outcomes of lung cancer are hypothesized to be affected by several confounding factors, including tumor heterogeneity and patient history, which have been hypothesized to mitigate the dose delivery effectiveness when treated with radiation therapy. Providing an accurate predictive model to identify patients at risk would enable tailored follow-up strategies during treatment.

Purpose: Our goal is to demonstrate the added prognostic value of including tumor displacement amplitude in a predictive model that combines clinical features and computed tomography (CT) radiomics for 2-year recurrence and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Sorafenib Alone in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The NRG Oncology/RTOG 1112 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Most patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recur within the liver following systemic therapy.

Objective: To determine whether stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) improves outcomes in patients with locally advanced HCC compared with sorafenib alone.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter phase 3 randomized clinical trial randomized patients with HCC 1:1 to sorafenib or SBRT followed by sorafenib, stratified by performance status, liver function, degree of metastases, and macrovascular invasion.

Integration of Non-invasive Screening for Cystic Fibrosis Related Liver Disease in the Regular Follow-Up for Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: The reported prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related liver disease (CFLD) reaches up to 40% in some cohorts. CFLD is the 3rd leading cause of mortality among patients with CF. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of CFLD in a cohort followed at a tertiary university center, to define the types of liver involvement, and to determine how non-invasive screening methods can be optimally integrated into clinical practice.

Perineal hernia repair with a combined abdominoperineal approach with biologic mesh placement and peritoneal flap reconstruction.

Perineal hernias occur rarely following abdominoperineal resections. No standardized surgical approach exists for treating PH. We herein present the case of a large, symptomatic PH that was repaired with a combined abdominal and perineal approach, with peritoneal flap reconstruction of the pelvic floor and placement of a biological mesh.

The Use of Automated Insulin Delivery around Physical Activity and Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: A Position Statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD).

Regular physical activity and exercise (PA) are cornerstones of diabetes care for individuals with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the availability of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has improved the ability of people with type 1 diabetes to achieve the recommended glucose target ranges. PA provides additional health benefits but can cause glucose fluctuations, which challenges current AID systems.

The path of least resistance: The unusual extradigestive journey of a nasogastric tube following oropharyngeal perforation.

Nasogastric tube placement is frequently performed in various medical settings. While generally deemed safe in patients without risk factors, complications may occur due to malposition, justifying the need of systematic confirmation of position with chest radiographs. We present the case of a critically ill male adult patient for whom the tube position was initially deemed very unusual on postinsertion radiographs, prompting further workup which ultimately confirmed an oropharyngeal perforation with a left parapharyngeal, left visceral, retrotracheal, and right retrodiaphragmatic course, and resulting in a recurrent pneumothorax and empyema treated by surgical decortication.

The use of automated insulin delivery around physical activity and exercise in type 1 diabetes: a position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD).

Regular physical activity and exercise (PA) are cornerstones of diabetes care for individuals with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, the availability of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has improved the ability of people with type 1 diabetes to achieve the recommended glucose target ranges. PA provide additional health benefits but can cause glucose fluctuations, which challenges current AID systems.

Disease-modifying treatment and disability progression in subclasses of patients with primary progressive MS: results from the Big MS Data Network.

Background: Effectiveness of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in people affected by primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is limited. Whether specific subgroups may benefit more from DMT in a real-world setting remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the potential effect of DMT on disability worsening among patients with PPMS stratified by different disability trajectories.

CRYOVATE: A Pilot Study of Lung Cancer Cryoactivation in Combination With Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC.

Introduction: NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, treatment resistance remains a challenge. Cryoactivation, a technique inducing cell death by cycles of freezing and thawing, has the potential to augment tumor responses when combined with ICIs.

Conference Report: Review of Clinical Implementation of Advanced Quantitative Imaging Techniques for Personalized Radiotherapy.

The topic of quantitative imaging in radiation therapy was presented as a "Masterclass" at the 2023 annual meeting of the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and single-positron computed tomography were reviewed in detail as the first portion of the meeting session, with data showing utility in many aspects of radiation oncology including treatment planning and dose response. Positron emission tomography/CT scans evaluating the functional volume of lung tissue so as to provide optimal avoidance of healthy lungs were presented second.

Pulmonary complications and mortality among COVID-19 patients undergoing a surgery: a multicentre cohort study.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to assess the association between symptoms at the time of surgery and postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Our secondary objective was to compare postoperative outcomes between patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and asymptomatic patients and explore the effect of the time elapsed between infection and surgery in the former. Our hypotheses were that symptomatic patients had a higher risk of pulmonary complications, whereas patients who had recovered from the infection would exhibit outcomes similar to those of asymptomatic patients.