Intrafocal injection of tranexamic acid decreases early return to hospital after high tibial osteotomy.

Introduction: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgery performed to treat the symptoms and prevent the progression of medial osteoarthritis. Post-operative bleeding has led to early returns to hospital following surgery. Intrafocal injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce this bleeding complication.

Proinflammatory cytokines suppress nonsense-mediated RNA decay to impair regulated transcript isoform processing in pancreatic β cells.

Introduction: Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in pancreatic ß cell failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are known to stimulate alternative RNA splicing and the expression of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) components. Here, we investigate whether cytokines regulate NMD activity and identify transcript isoforms targeted in ß cells.

Methods: A luciferase-based NMD reporter transiently expressed in rat INS1(832/13), human-derived EndoC-ßH3, or dispersed human islet cells is used to examine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines (Cyt) on NMD activity.

Genetic haute couture to block HIV-1 at front doors.

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are "front doors" for HIV-1 infection in host cells, and their targeting represents a potential solution for a cure. Dudek et al. now propose a new gene editing strategy to simultaneously block CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated HIV-1 entry in autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

Residual Psychomotor Skills of Orderlies After a Novel Chest Compression Training Intervention.

Background: High-quality chest compressions are essential to favorable patient outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Without frequent training, however, skill in performing compressions declines considerably. The Timely Chest Compression Training (T-CCT) intervention was introduced in 2019 as a quality improvement initiative to address this problem.

Endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: clinical outcomes of patients included in the registry of a pragmatic randomized trial.

Objective: The role of endovascular treatment in the management of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains uncertain. AVM embolization can be offered as stand-alone curative therapy or prior to surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (pre-embolization). The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS) is an all-inclusive pragmatic study that comprises two randomized trials and multiple registries.

A population-based study of reported hepatitis C diagnoses from 1998 to 2018 in immigrants and nonimmigrants in Quebec, Canada.

Immigrants living in low hepatitis C (HCV) prevalence countries bear a disproportionate HCV burden, but there are limited HCV population-based studies focussed on this population. We estimated rates and trends of reported HCV diagnoses over a 20-year period in Quebec, Canada, to investigate subgroups with the highest rates and changes over time. A population-based cohort of all reported HCV diagnoses in Quebec (1998-2018) linked to health administrative and immigration databases.

Anterolateral territory coronary artery bypass grafting strategies: a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial: the AMI-PONT trial.

Objectives: The main objective was to assess whether a composite coronary artery bypass grafting strategy including a saphenous vein graft bridge to distribute left internal mammary artery outflow provides non-inferior patency rates compared to conventional grafting surgery with separated left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending coronary graft and aorto-coronary saphenous vein grafts to other anterolateral targets.

Methods: All patients underwent isolated grafting surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and received ≥2 grafts/patients on the anterolateral territory. The graft patency (i.

Research participants may not recall their participation but have a better understanding of alternative management options than patients in routine care.

Background: Patient understanding of care interventions, of the clinical uncertainty, and of their participation in clinical research is often poor. We hypothesized that compared to routine care, patients would better understand the prevailing uncertainty when they participated in research.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to patients at the time they attended a follow-up neurovascular clinic 4 to 52 weeks after a care episode where they did or did not participate in a clinical trial.

FoxP3 CD8 T-cells in acute HIV infection and following early antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Objectives: Besides CD4 regulatory T-cells (Tregs), immunosuppressor FoxP3 CD8 T-cells are emerging as an important subset of Tregs, which contribute to immune dysfunction and disease progression in HIV infection. However, FoxP3 CD8 T-cell dynamics in acute HIV infection and following early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation remain understudied.

Methods: Subsets of FoxP3 CD8 T-cells were characterized both prospectively and cross-sectionally in PBMCs from untreated acute (n=26) and chronic (n=10) HIV-infected individuals, early ART-treated in acute infection (n=10, median of ART initiation: 5.

Impact of early use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics on functional outcome in first episode psychosis: a 3-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: To describe, in a naturalistic setting, the impact of the early use of LAI-AP on functional outcomes of early psychosis patients as compared to oral antipsychotics (OAP).

Methods: Longitudinal prospective 3-year naturalistic study of all consecutive admissions ( = 416) to two for psychosis comparing baseline characteristics and the evolution of global functioning, occupation (work and studies), and living arrangements autonomy according to the route of administration of the antipsychotic medication. The cohort was divided into four groups: t (started on LAI-AP and later received OAP), , and .

The impact of opioid agonist treatment on hospitalisations for injecting-related diseases among an opioid dependent population: A retrospective data linkage study.

Background: Injecting-related bacterial and fungal infections cause substantial illness and disability among people who use illicit drugs. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) reduces injecting frequency and the transmission of blood borne viruses. We estimated the impact of OAT on hospitalisations for non-viral infections and examine trends in incidence over time.

Signaling by the tyrosine kinase Yes promotes liver cancer development.

Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at a late stage and have few therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This is due to the lack of clearly defined underlying mechanisms or a dominant oncogene that can be targeted pharmacologically, unlike in other cancer types. Here, we report the identification of a previously uncharacterized oncogenic signaling pathway in HCC that is mediated by the tyrosine kinase Yes.

Iatrogenic Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Hemodynamic Compromise After Cardiac Surgery.

Given the broad array of potential complications following cardiac surgery, specialized care is critical to ensuring good patient outcomes. Herein, we present a rare case of severe hemodynamic compromise, following cardiac surgery, found to be due to iatrogenic superior vena cava syndrome in the setting of baseline biventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamics improved immediately upon addressing the syndrome, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients.

COVID-19 pandemic's effects and telehealth in Early Psychosis Services of Quebec, Canada: Will changes last?

Aim: To explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic first wave in Quebec, Canada on practices in early intervention services (EIS) for first-episode psychosis, including reorganization of clinical and administrative practices and teleconsultation use.

Methods: Adopting a cross-sectional descriptive study design, a 41 questions online survey was sent to the team leaders of all the 33 Quebec EIS, of which 100% responded. Data were collected from 18 May to 4 June 2020 and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Injecting frequency trajectories and hepatitis C virus acquisition: Findings from a cohort of people who inject drugs in Montréal, Canada.

Background: Frequent injecting increases hepatitis C (HCV) acquisition risk among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, few studies have examined how temporal fluctuations in injecting frequency may effect HCV infection risk. Thus, this study examined HCV incidence according to injecting frequency trajectories followed by PWID over one year in Montréal, Canada.

Adult Medulloblastoma Demographic, Tumor and Treatment Impact since 2006: A Canadian University Experience.

Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor that is extremely rare in adults; therefore, prospective studies are limited. We reviewed the information of all MB patients treated at the CHUM between 2006 and 2017. We divided our cohort by age and further divided adult patients (53%) in two groups, those diagnosed between 2006-2012 and 2013-2017.

Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 archived DNA in blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in two patients under antiretroviral therapy.

One of the approaches to cure human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the use of therapeutic vaccination. We have launched the Provir/Latitude 45 study to identify conserved CTL epitopes in archived HIV-1 DNA according to the HLA class I alleles in aviremic patients under antiretroviral therapy (ART). A HIV-1 polypeptidic therapeutic vaccine based on viral sequence data obtained from circulating blood was proposed; here, our aim was to compare the proviral DNA in blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a Canadian multicentre observational cohort study.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have widely replaced warfarin for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Our objective was to compare the safety and effectiveness of DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the Canadian setting.

Methods: We conducted a population-based observational multicentre cohort study with propensity score matching and subsequent meta-analysis.

Improved Sample Quality and Decreased Turnaround Time When Using Plasma Blood Collection Tubes with a Mechanical Separator in a Large University Hospital.

Background: Serum is commonly used for clinical chemistry testing but many conditions can affect the clotting process, leading to poor sample quality and impaired workflow. With serum gel tubes, we found a high proportion of sample probe aspiration errors on our Beckman AU5800 analyzers. We decided to implement the BD Barricor™ plasma tubes, and we validated an off-specification centrifugation scheme and verified that results obtained for 65 chemistry and immunochemistry tests were comparable to those obtained in serum gel tubes.