Clinical and prognostic relevance of PCR detection in feline lower respiratory tract disease.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare two groups of cats with lower respiratory tract disease, one with detected by PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (M+) and the other without (M-), with regard to signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic results, treatment response and survival.

Methods: All cats for which was investigated by PCR in BALF between 2016 and 2023 were included. Cats with evidence of oropharyngeal contamination, or for which PCR results were under the quantification level, or without follow-up information were excluded.

A modified approach to portal placement for arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the tarsocrural joint in 15 dogs (19 tarsi).

Objective: To describe the surgical technique and outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for talar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs, using scope and instrument portals placed on the same side of the joint as the lesion.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Fifteen client-owned dogs (19 tarsi).

Calcium carbonate rhinolithiasis associated with chronic lymphocytic rhinitis in a pet rabbit .

A 6-year-old intact female domestic dwarf rabbit was referred because of a chronic obstructive rhinitis not resolving despite antibiotic treatments. Computed tomography examination revealed 2 sub-obstructive structures of mineral density in the right nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Neoplasia and rhinolithiasis were the main differential diagnoses.

Clinical presentation, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia: a retrospective single-centre study of 104 cases in Ireland (2002-2020).

Background: Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) has a high mortality rate within the first weeks to months of diagnosis. Identifying dogs at increased risk of death may help guide decision-making for owners and veterinarians. Prior studies have identified several but inconsistent prognostic factors.

Using a three-dimensional-printed device with the patient's maxillary dental impression allows to perform minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs and cats: a preliminary study.

Objective: To develop an innovative process for stereotactic brain biopsies in dogs and cats that would provide a definitive diagnosis and optimize the management of patients with brain lesions.

Animals: 4 dogs and 1 cat diagnosed with 1 or more brain lesion(s) underwent brain biopsies between March 24, 2023, and October 25, 2023.

Methods: Based on trajectories selected on images of MRI and CT scan performed on each patient, a computerized software program was used to design a 3-D-printed patient-specific device with maxillary dental impression located on a baseplate to secure the patient's head and with insertion ports for the biopsy instrumentations located on a C-arm.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of complications after tracheal stenting in dogs.

Background: Stenting has become popular to treat tracheal collapse in dogs, but complications might arise and negatively affect treatment outcome.

Objectives: Determine the overall prevalence of complications of tracheal stenting in dogs.

Methods: A bibliographic search was performed of publications from 2000 to 2020.

Pilot Clinical Trial to Evaluate In Situ Calcium Phosphate Cement Injection for Conservative Surgical Management of Appendicular Osteosarcoma in Dogs.

Cementoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that consists of injecting a bone substitute into the tumor lesion to provide bone reinforcement and alleviate pain. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of cementoplasty with a calcium phosphate cement in osteosarcoma to reduce pain and preserve limb function. Throughout the 6-month study, dogs received no adjuvant therapy, and dogs' evaluations included a clinical examination, monitoring of postoperative complications, radiographic follow-up, and assessment of limb function and pain scores.

Successful centralisation technique for treatment of post-traumatic absence of the radial shaft in a dog.

This report describes a centralisation procedure for the treatment of a radial non-union, characterised by extensive bone loss and an intact ulna, in an 18-month-old toy poodle. A lateral approach to the radius/ulna shafts was realised and, after debridement of the non-union site, an ulnar osteotomy was performed proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. Transposition of the distal fragment of the radius to the distal end of the osteotomised proximal segment of the ulna was performed and the stabilisation was obtained using a locking plate with proximal screws in the ulnar shaft and distal screws in the radius epiphysis.

Endoscopic Removal of Gastric Foreign Bodies with a Bottle Liner in 12 Dogs (2020-2023).

Endoscopy is widely used to remove gastric foreign bodies using grasping forceps and loop snares to manipulate and retrieve the foreign material. However, as not all foreign bodies can be removed using conventional endoscopic techniques, this case series describes the use of bottle liners for the removal of gastric foreign bodies in 12 dogs between 2020 and 2023. A 4 oz bottle liner (Drop-Ins) was placed at the end of the endoscope and pushed into the stomach.

C-reactive protein concentration has limited value in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs.

Objectives: To evaluate blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO); to evaluate whether blood CRP concentration is associated with epidemiological, clinicopathologic, and MRI findings; and to investigate blood CRP predictive power in survival.

Animals: 30 client-owned dogs with MUO, 15 client-owned dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA; positive control group), and 15 healthy dogs (negative control group).

Methods: Blood CRP concentration was measured in each group, while it was performed in CSF only in the MUO and SRMA groups.

Retrospective study of the early clinical experience with a precontoured angle-stable interlocking nail for fracture repair in dogs and cats.

Objective: To report indications, outcomes, and complications with a precontoured angle-stable interlocking nail (CAS-ILN).

Animals: 90 client-owned animals.

Methods: Dogs and cats treated with the CAS-ILN between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Long-term outcomes of atrophic/oligotrophic non-unions in dogs and cats treated with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation: 19 cases (2014-2021).

Objectives: To determine the short- and long-term outcomes and complications in dogs and cats undergoing surgical treatment for viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non-unions using circular external skeletal fixation and autologous corticocancellous bone graft.

Materials And Methods: In this case series, the medical records and radiographs of all dogs and cats with radius/ulna and tibia/fibula viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non-unions treated with corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation at two referral veterinary hospitals between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The long-term follow-up was 1 year or greater.

Treatment of recurrent hunting-associated respiratory distress episodes in 2 dogs.

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) in hunting dogs is an uncommon and poorly described condition for which no preventive treatment is available. Two dogs were presented for recurrent respiratory distress strictly associated with hunting activities. Diagnosis was based on bilateral, symmetrical, interstitial-to-alveolar pattern in the caudodorsal lung fields on thoracic radiographs, exclusion of other causes, and spontaneous clinical and radiographic improvement.

Establishment of Reference Intervals for Caudal Vena Cava-to-Aorta Ratio Measured Ultrasonographically in Healthy Nonsedated Dogs.

The ultrasonographic assessment of the caudal vena cava-to-aorta ratio (CVC:Ao) appears to be a promising method for early recognition of alterations of intravascular volume status in veterinary medicine. The primary objective of this study was to establish the reference intervals of the CVC:Ao ratio with ultrasound in nonsedated healthy dogs. Secondary objectives were to determine the influence of the respiratory cycle and to evaluate correlations between ultrasonographic measurements, signalment and physical exam findings.

Recurrence and survival in dogs with excised colorectal polyps: A retrospective study of 58 cases.

Background: Compared to humans, colorectal polyps are relatively rare in dogs. Epidemiological and prognostic data remain accordingly sparse, although they could help veterinary clinicians in the management of these cases.

Objectives: To report the epidemiological data of dogs with colorectal polyps and identify factors associated with recurrence and survival.

Effect of Hooding on Physiological Parameters During Manual Restraint in Rhode Island Red Hybrid Hens ().

Manual handling of chickens is required for many veterinary, research, and breeding procedures. This study aimed to assess the changes in physiological parameters over time during manual restraint of chickens, as well as the effect of hooding on these parameters. Heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured every 3 minutes for 15 minutes during manual restraint in 13 adult laying hens ().

Radiographic Measurements of Internal Organs in Rhode Island Red Hybrid Hens () and Their Evolution During Egg Formation.

Backyard poultry hens are becoming very popular as pets, and thus the demand for treating the individual chicken is increasing. Few basic diagnostic techniques commonly used in small animal practice have been evaluated in this species. At the moment, there is no study in backyard hens describing radiographic measurements of internal organs contrary to psittacine birds or birds of prey.

Use of Digital Stethoscope to Measure Heart Rate in Birds: Comparison of Different Counting Methods Using Phonocardiograms.

The high cardiac contractility of birds poses a challenge to traditional cardiac auscultation, particularly for the accurate determination of heart rate (HR). The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the feasibility of using phonocardiograms of adequate length and quality to assess HR in different avian species with a commercially available digital stethoscope, 2) compare 5 counting methods, including 2 direct reading methods (manual counting and using a semiautomatic computerized algorithm as a reference method) and 3 listening methods (progressive mental counting, counting by 10s, and counting with a smartphone application tap counter), and 3) obtain the HR in selected birds and identify a correlation between body weight and HR in different avian species. An inverse correlation on a logarithmic scale was identified between the mean body weight and HR in 60 different bird species (n = 211; R = -0.

Ultrasonographic measurement of caudal vena cava to aorta ratio during fluid resuscitation of dogs with spontaneous circulatory shock.

Objectives: To describe the change in the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio (CVC:Ao) ratio during fluid resuscitation of circulatory shock in dogs and compare these results with those of the physical examination and blood lactate.

Materials And Methods: Perfusion parameters and blood lactate were recorded at admission. An abdominal point-of-care ultrasound protocol was performed, during which the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio was measured on the spleno-renal view.

Video telescope operating monitor-assisted surgery is equivalent to conventional surgery in treatment of cervical intervertebral disc herniation in dogs.

Objective: To compare the use of the video telescope operating monitor (VITOM) and use of a conventional unassisted surgical method for treatment of cervical intervertebral disc herniation in dogs.

Animals: 39 dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease.

Methods: Prospective study.

Long-term outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of dogs affected by osteochondrosis dissecans of the humeral trochlea, with or without medial coronoid disease: 23 cases (2012-2020).

The objective of this study was to report long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes following arthroscopic reparative treatment - flap removal, curettage, and osteostixis of subchondral bone - in dogs with humeral trochlea osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Dogs were included in this retrospective multicenter case series if they had a computed tomography diagnostic of humeral trochlear OCD, with or without medial coronoid disease, that was treated by arthroscopic reparative technique, and a detailed follow-up at least 6 mo postoperatively. The latter included a clinical examination, assessment of lameness, measurement of the brachial circumference and elbow amplitude, International Elbow Working Group (IEWG) radiographic score, owner-completed canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) rating.

Visceral Infection in a Major Mitchell's Cockatoo ().

A 1-year-old major Mitchell's cockatoo () was presented for evaluation of weakness, diarrhea with undigested seeds in the droppings, and weight loss. Leukocytosis with severe heterophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis was noted on the complete blood count. Altered plasma biochemical parameters included a slight increase in creatine kinase and mild hypoproteinemia.

Prospective evaluation of a telmisartan suppression test as a diagnostic tool for primary hyperaldosteronism in cats.

Background: In a previous study, telmisartan suppressed aldosterone secretion in healthy cats but not in cats with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA).

Hypotheses: Telmisartan suppresses aldosterone secretion in middle-aged healthy cat and cats with diseases that may result in secondary hyperaldosteronism, but not in those with PHA.

Animals: Thirty-eight cats: 5 with PHA; 16 with chronic kidney disease (CKD), subclassified as hypertensive (CKD-H) or non-hypertensive (CKD-NH); 9 with hyperthyroidism (HTH); 2 with idiopathic systemic arterial hypertension (ISH); and 6 healthy middle-aged cats.

Evaluation of oral telmisartan administration as a suppression test for diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats.

Background: Development of a telmisartan-based suppression test may facilitate the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) in cats, which remains difficult today.

Objectives: To develop a telmisartan suppression test (TST) that is safe, and able to suppress aldosterone secretion in healthy cats but not in cats with PHA.

Animals: Ten healthy cats and 6 cats with PHA.