High Prevalence of Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus Among Vaccinated Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam.

Among 467 children under five hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae or Haemophilus haemolyticus was 60.8%, all cases were non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) or H.

Viral and bacterial microorganisms in Vietnamese children with severe and non-severe pneumonia.

To investigate potential respiratory pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and risk factors for severe disease. This prospective study was conducted among 467 children at the Thai Binh Paediatric Hospital, Vietnam between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021. Clinical data and laboratory results were collected.

Performance of five serological tests in the diagnosis of visceral and cryptic leishmaniasis: a comparative study.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a major health problem and its diagnosis still represents a challenge. Since consistent evidence on the comparison of serological methods is lacking, our work aims to compare five serological tests for the diagnosis of visceral and asymptomatic leishmaniasis in southern France, a region where leishmaniasis is endemic.

Methodology: Serum samples from 75 patients living in Nice, France were retrospectively analyzed.

Alternatives to norepinephrine in septic shock: Which agents and when?

Vasopressors are the cornerstone of hemodynamic management in patients with septic shock. Norepinephrine is currently recommended as the first-line vasopressor in these patients. In addition to norepinephrine, there are many other potent vasopressors with specific properties and/or advantages that act on vessels through different pathways after activation of specific receptors; these could be of interest in patients with septic shock.

Central nervous system relapse in younger patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a LYSA and GLA/DSHNHL analysis.

Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with immunochemotherapy such as R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Patients with progression or relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) face dismal outcomes. The impact of more aggressive regimens used in frontline therapy has not been systematically investigated in this context.

Impact of early mean arterial pressure level on severe acute kidney injury occurrence after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: The optimal early mean arterial pressure (MAP) level in terms of renal function remains to be established in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to evaluate the association between early MAP level and severe acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence in patients with OHCA.

Results: In 568 consecutive patients, the percentage time spent below a predefined MAP threshold and the corresponding area below threshold (ABT) were calculated from continuous MAP measurement.

Extravascular lung water levels are associated with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prognostic value of extravascular lung water (EVLW) measured by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) in critically ill patients is debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effects of TPTD-estimated EVLW on mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods: Cohort studies published in English from Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1960 to 1 June 2021 were systematically searched.

Vasopressors and Risk of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Worldwide Pharmacovigilance Analysis and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Vasodilatory shock, such as septic shock, requires personalized management which include adequate fluid therapy and vasopressor treatments. While these potent drugs are numerous, they all aim to counterbalance the vasodilatory effects of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Their specific receptors include α- and β-adrenergic receptors, arginine-vasopressin receptors, angiotensin II receptors and dopamine receptors.

New Method to Estimate Central Systolic Blood Pressure From Peripheral Pressure: A Proof of Concept and Validation Study.

The non-invasive estimation of central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) is increasingly performed using new devices based on various pulse acquisition techniques and mathematical analyses. These devices are most often calibrated assuming that mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP are essentially unchanged when pressure wave travels from aorta to peripheral artery, an assumption which is evidence-based. We tested a new empirical formula for the direct central blood pressure estimation of cSBP using MBP and DBP only (DCBP = MBP/DBP).

Epidemiology and genomic characterisation of travel-associated and locally-acquired influenza, Marseille, France.

Background: The purpose of the study was to challenge the hypothesis of an introduction of influenza viruses by international travellers and subsequent local circulation in Marseille, France.

Methods: We analysed the epidemiological data of PCR-confirmed cases over an eight-year period and compared the genomic data of local and imported influenza viruses during a six-month period.

Results: Between June 2013 and December 2020, 12,434 patients in the Assistance Publique-Hospitaux de Marseille were diagnosed with an influenza virus infection at the laboratory of the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranéee Infection of Marseille.

Leg ulcers in childhood: A multicenter study in France.

Background: Leg ulcers in adults are a major public health concern. Their incidence increases with age and many causes have been identified, predominantly associated with vascular diseases. Leg ulcers in children and teenagers are less frequent.

Sputum proteomic analysis for distinguishing between pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS): preliminary results.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) applied to sputum to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: Sputum samples collected from patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Using the differentially expressed protein peaks, we compared three groups of patients, including those with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), those without tuberculosis but with a lower respiratory tract infection (non-TB LRTI) and those without tuberculosis and without an LRTI (non-TB controls).

Acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria and colistin resistance genes in French medical students on internships abroad.

Background: Acquisition of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) and colistin resistance genes by international travellers has been demonstrated. Studies conducted in medical students during internships abroad are scant.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal, rectal, and vaginal swabs samples were collected from 382 French medical students before and after travel to investigate the acquisition of MDR bacteria.

Risk factors for symptoms of infection and microbial carriage among French medical students abroad.

Objectives: To investigate symptoms of infections and their risk factors among French medical students undertaking an internship abroad.

Methods: Clinical follow up, and qPCR-based respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal pathogen carriages were prospectively assessed pre-travel and post-travel, in a cohort of medical students departing from Marseille, France.

Results: 293 students were included.

Place of Serology in the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Leishmaniases With a Focus on Visceral Leishmaniasis Due to .

Leishmaniases are a group of parasitic diseases transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. Depending on the species, the reservoirs can be humans (anthroponosis) or different animals (zoonosis). Zoonotic leishmaniasis present several clinical forms in function of the species involved: visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL).

Multimorbidity in Elderly Persons According to the Year of Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Cross-sectional Dat'AIDS Cohort Study.

Background: We assessed prevalence of multimorbidity (MM) according to year of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis in elderly people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of MM in PLWH aged ≥70 years from the Dat'AIDS French multicenter cohort. MM was defined as at least 3 coexistent morbidities of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, non-AIDS cancer, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, obesity, undernutrition, or hypercholesterolemia.

Is Real-Time PCR Targeting Rep 529 Suitable for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Patients Infected with Non-Type II Strains in North America?

DNA detection is essential to antenatally diagnose a congenital infection and reactivation of a past infection in an immunocompromised patient. Initially, PCR methods targeted the 35-fold repetitive B1 gene, and more recently, coding sequence Rep 529 has been preferred, as it was reported to be repeated 200- to 300-fold and yielded far better sensitivity than amplification of the B1 sequence. To date, few data are available in regard to the efficacy of Rep 529 for non-type II genotypes.

Leishmania infection: Misdiagnosis as cancer and tumor-promoting potential.

Given the prevalence of cancer and leishmaniasis worldwide, the presence of these two pathologies in the same tissue sample may be merely fortuitous. The clinical outcome of both diseases is under the control of innate and adaptive immunity, and in both cases these progressive diseases are characterized by an impaired host Th1 response. As a consequence, the Th2 cytokine microenvironment occurring in progressive leishmaniasis may potentially promote tumor cell proliferation and vice versa.

Subclinical Leishmania infection in patients with rheumatic diseases under biological drugs.

Purpose: Climate changes and immunosuppression are influencing the spread of leishmaniasis and re-emergence in Northern Italy, respectively. We evaluated the prevalence of subclinical leishmaniasis in patients from a Northern Italian region with chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIRD) receiving biological drugs (BD) and correlated it to the area of residence.

Methods: DNA from PBMC of patients affected by CIRD treated with either BD for at least 5 years (Group A) or other immunosuppressive drugs (Group B) was investigated by a qPCR for Leishmania infantum kDNA and compared to healthy subjects (Group C).

Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii DNA Samples Isolated From Humans Living in North America: An Unexpected High Prevalence of Atypical Genotypes.

Background: Whereas in Europe most of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes belong to the type II lineage, in Latin America, type II is rare and atypical strains predominate. In North America, data on T. gondii genotypes in humans are scarce.