Sex-based analysis of status epilepticus management and outcome: A cohort study.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. The role of sex as a factor influencing the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of SE has been scarcely addressed. This study investigates this variable regarding the clinical management and outcome among adult patients with SE.

A randomised phase III study of bevacizumab and carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab, as first-line treatment for advanced pleural mesothelioma: results of the ETOP 13 18 BEAT-meso trial.

Background: The currently approved frontline treatments for diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) are ipilimumab-nivolumab or platinum-pemetrexed. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS). While single-agent immunotherapy or chemotherapy-immunotherapy combinations are superior to chemotherapy monotherapy, there is a potential for synergistic triple combination of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and immunotherapy.

[HIV: what's new in 2024].

The year 2024 saw many advances in HIV care, both in terms of treatment and prevention. The cure of a patient from Geneva made headlines and helped in understanding the complex immunology of the HIV virus. Long-acting injectable treatments improve the quality of life of peoplewith HIV (PWHIV) and area promising option for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP).

[Urology : what's new in 2024].

In 2024, urology continues to evolve with remarkable innovations. The Da Vinci SP surgical robot simplifies procedures by reducing surgical trauma and accelerating patient recovery. Regarding oncological conditions, new therapies have significantly improved the management of urological cancers, leading to increased survival rates.

[Teratovigilance. Antiepileptics during pregnancy and paternal use].

The 2023-2024 updates on teratovigilance, with a focus on antiseizure medications, highlight several key points. American medical societies have revised their recommendations: maintaining effective seizure control is essential for both maternal and fetal health; lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine are preferred first-line treatments, whereas valproic acid and topiramate should be avoided if possible. In March 2024, an update on topiramate indicated an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders with prenatal exposure.

[Psychiatry : what's new in 2024].

The journal Lancet Psychiatry is launching a Commission for Youth Mental Health, in response to the widely reported finding in the media of a significant deterioration in the health of young people worldwide in recent years. The aim of this commission is to gain a better understanding of the factors that have led to this situation, and to offer care adapted to the needs of this segment of the population. In Lausanne, following the publication of a manual on psychotherapy for psychosis, a training course has been set up to promote this type of care, which is all too often denied to patients suffering from psychosis.

[Pneumology : what's new in 2024].

In 2024, several important innovations have enriched the management of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, tuberculosis, COPD, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Notable advancements include the introduction of sotatercept in Switzerland for pulmonary arterial hypertension and mediastinal cryobiopsies, reflecting a shift toward more personalized medicine. Meanwhile, biologic therapies for COPD offer promising perspectives, and a potential path is emerging for shortening the treatment of certain forms of tuberculosis.

[Neurology: what's new in 2024].

In 2024, therapeutic and diagnostic advancements are shaping the field of neurology. Three new drugs show promise for treating myasthenia gravis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A new classification for Parkinson's disease has been proposed, while a neuroprosthesis is improving gait in advanced stages.

[Nephrology: what's new in 2024 (I)].

From immunoglobulin A nephropathy to primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, sparsentan expands its indications. Complement inhibitors offer new hope for patients with certain poor-prognosis glomerulonephritides. Semaglutide enjoys great success, promising nephro- and cardioprotection for type 2 diabetics.

[Integrative medicine : what's new in 2024].

This article reports on new findings on integrative and complementary medicine published in 2024. The implementation of guidelines for the management of pain in cancer patients is discussed. Then, a literature review is presented, that aims to clarify the role of complementary approaches in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and provides a concrete example of how recommendations are established.

[Emergency medicine : what's new in 2024].

Emergency medicine plays a crucial vital role as the gateway to the Swiss healthcare system. Although it has not yet been officially recognized with a specialist title, unlike most European countries - emergency medicine in Switzerland is characterized by robust research activity. This scientific article demonstrates a dynamic and rigorous evolution.

[Metabolic bone diseases : what's new in 2024].

The epidemiology of femoral fractures is changing, with more femoral shaft fractures linked to high-risk physical exercise by an older population. Vitamin D given during pregnancy for the mother's health could benefit the child. Zoledronic acid is the most effective bisphosphonate.

[Hypertension : what's new in 2024].

The major clinical studies in 2024 reviewed in this manuscript will focus on blood pressure measurement, the effect of coffee on the latter, its follow-up in the postpartum period, blood pressure targets for patients at high cardiovascular risk, particularly those with diabetes, and the late onset of primary aldosteronism after a negative initial confirmation test.

[Geriatrics. Focus on neurocognitive disorders].

Neurocognitive disorders are a major public health challenge, affecting 55 million people, and are projected to triple by 2050. This year's research highlights pathological mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and brain inflammation. Modifiable risk factors, such as vision loss, underscore the importance of early prevention.

[Visceral surgery : what's new in 2024].

This article highlights some advances in visceral surgery in 2024. In the hepato-pancreato-biliary field, liquid biopsies, immunotherapy, and robotics have revolutionized diagnosis and treatment, while artificial intelligence could enhance planning and operational safety. In endocrine surgery, a more conservative approach is recommended for well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

Assessment of Disease Activity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Is It Clinically Relevant or Simply an Amusement for Experts?

Background: Since the first description of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) as clinicopathologic syndrome three decades ago, considerable progress has been made to standardize and validate instruments to assess symptom severity, quality of life, endoscopic, and histologic activity for the purpose of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Standardized assessment of EoE activity is crucial to be able to compare the results of therapeutic interventions and bring much needed therapies to patients. This review focuses on outcome assessment of disease activity in adults with EoE.

Efficacy and Safety of Pegcetacoplan in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Recurrent Complement 3 Glomerulopathy or Primary Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.

Introduction: Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and primary immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) have high risks for disease recurrence and allograft loss in transplant kidneys. Pegcetacoplan (targeted complement 3 [C3]/C3b inhibitor) may prevent excessive deposition of C3 and complement 5 [C5] breakdown products and associated renal damage.

Methods: NOBLE (NCT04572854) is a prospective, phase 2, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of pegcetacoplan in posttransplant patients with recurrent C3G or IC-MPGN.

Dynamic X-ray Microtomography vs. Laser-Doppler Vibrometry: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: There are challenges in understanding the biomechanics of the human middle ear, and established methods for studying this system show significant limitations. In this study, we evaluate a novel dynamic imaging technique based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography designed to assess the biomechanical properties of the human middle ear by comparing it to laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV).

Methods: We examined three fresh-frozen temporal bones (TB), two donated by white males and one by a Black female, using dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography for 256 and 512 Hz, stimulated at 110 dB and 120 dB sound pressure level (SPL).

Transarterial Radioembolisation with Y90 Resin Microspheres and the Effect of Reimbursement Criteria in France: Final Results of the CIRT-FR Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: This analysis of the CIRSE Registry for SIR-Spheres Therapy in France, CIRT-FR, reports on real-world outcomes of transarterial radioembolisation (TARE) with Y90 resin microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) patients in France, focusing on safety, effectiveness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results on patients treated based on national reimbursement criteria are discussed here.

Methods: Prospective, multicentre, observational study of HCC and CRLM patients treated between August 2017 and July 2020 with TARE Y90 resin microspheres.

The Effects of Systemic Tranexamic Acid Administration on Drainage Volume, Length of Hospital Stay, and Postoperative Complications in Reduction Mammaplasty.

Reduction mammaplasty is a common, elective, and safe operation, usually executed in healthy patients. Nonetheless, postoperative complications like bleeding and seroma formation can occur and significantly complicate the postoperative course. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a commonly used antifibrinolytic drug, offers a novel approach to reduce these complications.

Gastrostomy tube feeding in children: a single-center experience.

Background: Despite the widespread use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in pediatric populations, there is a paucity of data on the indications and outcomes of this procedure in Switzerland. This manuscript presents our experience with PEG indication, outcomes, and related complications in children.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients < 18 years old who underwent PEG placement between 2007 and 2016.

[Eosinophilic esophagitis].

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was first described in the early 1990s. Initially a rarity, it is now the most common cause of dysphagia for solid foods in young adults. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1:2000.

Of mice and men: Dendritic architecture differentiates human from mice neuronal networks.

The organizational principles that distinguish the human brain from other species have been a long-standing enigma in neuroscience. Focusing on the uniquely evolved human cortical layers 2 and 3, we computationally reconstruct the cortical architecture for mice and humans. We show that human pyramidal cells form highly complex networks, demonstrated by the increased number and simplex dimension compared to mice.