Evolocumab in paediatric heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: cognitive function during 80 weeks of open-label extension treatment.

Aims: PCSK9 inhibition intensively lowers low density lipoprotein cholesterol and is well tolerated in adults and paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). HAUSER-RCT showed that 24 weeks of treatment with evolocumab in paediatric patients did not affect cognitive function. This study determined the effects of 80 additional weeks of evolocumab treatment on cognitive function in paediatric patients with heterozygous FH.

Ilio-femoral ligament strains during the flexion-abduction-external rotation test: A cadaveric study.

Background: Flexion-abduction-external-rotation (FABER) test is one of the most used tests during the clinical assessment of the hip joint. The limited range of motions reached could be due to iliofemoral ligament tightness, but no study has assessed capsular ligament strain during this test. The main objective of this study is to report strains within the iliofemoral ligament during the FABER test using a segmental approach.

Convivialité des municipalités canadiennes à l'égard des aînés : portrait et facteurs associés.

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) document, globally and by domain, Canadian municipalities' level of age-friendliness, and (2) identify municipality characteristics most associated with age-friendliness.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to all Canadian municipalities (N=3406) with an online survey of 56 items from 9 domains providing age-friendliness scores. These scores were then crossed with the following municipality characteristics: percentage of adults aged 65 and older, population density, material deprivation, social deprivation, degree of metropolitan influence, implementation step of an age-friendly municipality initiative and geographic area.

Normal range of motion at the hip show different pressure behavior in the lateral and acetabular compartments: a cadaveric investigation.

Purpose: The techniques used previously to assess intracapsular pressures did not allow the assessment of pressure variations in both compartments throughout the entire range of motion without puncturing the capsular tissue. Our hypothesis was that the intra-capsular pressure would be different in the lateral and acetabular compartment depending on the movement assessed.

Methods: Eight hip joints from four cadaveric specimens (78.

Mifepristone-Misoprostol Use for Second- and Third-Trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy in a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the implementation a mifepristone-misoprostol protocol (MIFE/MISO) on the induction-to-expulsion interval in the context of second- and third-trimester pregnancy termination or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) compared with misoprostol alone (MISO), and to share the experience of a Canadian tertiary hospital concerning the feasibility and safety of such a protocol.

Methods: This is a single-centre retrospective pre-post cohort study carried out at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine between 2017 and 2019. Women in the MIFE/MISO group were instructed to take mifepristone 24-48 hours before induction.

Intracapsular pressures in the flexion-abduction-external rotation and flexion-adduction-internal rotation tests and their comparison with classic hip range of motion: A cadaveric assessment.

Background Flexion-Abduction-External-Rotation and Flexion-Adduction-Internal-Rotation tests are used to reproduce pain at the hip during clinical assessment. As pain can be elicited by high intracapsular pressure, no information has been provided regarding intracapsular pressure during these pain provocative tests. Methods Eight hip joints from four cadaveric specimens (78.

Cholecalciferol Supplementation Does Not Prevent the Development of Metabolic Syndrome or Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Obese Mice.

Background: Cholecalciferol (D3) may improve inflammation, and thus provide protection from cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), although controversy remains. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) may also prevent the development of CMD, but the combined effects of ω-3FA and D3 are not fully understood.

Objectives: We determined the chronic independent and combined effects of D3 and ω-3FA on body weight, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese mice.

Management of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Using Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy With Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: Retrospective Analysis of the Sherbrooke Cohort.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are rare and aggressive CNS tumors. Current management involves high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) typically administered intravenously (IV), despite the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which significantly decreases its bioavailability. Cerebral intra-arterial chemotherapy (CIAC) coupled with osmotic BBB disruption (OBBBD) can theoretically circumvent this issue.

Evolocumab in Pediatric Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Evolocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9, is widely used in adult patients to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Its effects in pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia are not known.

Methods: We conducted a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evolocumab in pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Impact of TREM2R47H variant on tau pathology-induced gliosis and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by plaques containing amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated, hyperphosphorylated tau. Beyond tau and Aβ, evidence suggests that microglia play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Rare variants in the microglia-expressed triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene increase AD risk 2- to 4-fold.

Correction to: The International/Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Guideline.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0376-8.].

The International/Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Guideline.

This is an update to the 2014 Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Guideline with an expanded scope to include the management of hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients worldwide. It is a collaboration of Canadian and international HAE experts and patient groups led by the Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network. The objective of this guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations, using the GRADE system, for the management of patients with HAE.

Glenohumeral joint capsular tissue tension loading correlates moderately with shear wave elastography: a cadaveric investigation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the mechanical properties of capsular tissue using shear wave elastography (SWE) and a durometer under various tensile loads, and to explore the reliability and correlation of SWE and durometer measurements to evaluate whether SWE technology could be used to assess tissue changes during capsule tensile loading.

Methods: The inferior glenohumeral joint capsule was harvested from 10 fresh human cadaveric specimens. Tensile loading was applied to the capsular tissue using 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-kg weights.

The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Analysis of Resection Margin Status and Proposals for Residual Tumor Descriptors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: Our aim was to validate the prognostic relevance in NSCLC of potential residual tumor (R) descriptors, including the proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer definition for uncertain resection, referred to as R(un).

Methods: A total of 14,712 patients undergoing resection with full R status and survival were analyzed. The following were also evaluated: whether fewer than three N2 stations were explored, lobe-specific nodal dissection, extracapsular extension, highest lymph node station status, carcinoma in situ at the bronchial resection margin, and pleural lavage cytologic examination result.

Links Between Metabolic and Structural Changes in the Brain of Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A 4-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up.

We aimed to longitudinally assess the relationship between changing brain energy metabolism (glucose and acetoacetate) and cognition during healthy aging. Participants aged 71 ± 5 year underwent cognitive evaluation and quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline ( = 25) and two ( = 25) and four ( = 16) years later. During the follow-up, the rate constant for brain extraction of glucose (K) declined by 6%-12% mainly in the temporo-parietal lobes and cingulate gyri ( ≤ 0.

Use of combined hormonal contraceptives among women with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without medical contraindications to oestrogen.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in reproductive-age women with SLE with and without possible contraindications and to determine factors associated with their use in the presence of possible contraindications.

Methods: This observational cohort study included premenopausal women ages 18-45 years enrolled in the SLICC Registry ⩽15 months after SLE onset, with annual assessments spanning 2000-2017. World Health Organization Category 3 or 4 contraindications to CHCs (e.

Nonfunctional mutant Wrn protein leads to neurological deficits, neuronal stress, microglial alteration, and immune imbalance in a mouse model of Werner syndrome.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-family DNA helicase, WRN. Mice lacking part of the helicase domain of the WRN orthologue exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including metabolic abnormalities and a shorter lifespan. Yet, little is known about the impact of WRN mutations on the central nervous system in both humans and mouse models of WS.

Galectin-3 and N-acetylglucosamine promote myogenesis and improve skeletal muscle function in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The muscle membrane, sarcolemma, must be firmly attached to the basal lamina. The failure of proper attachment results in muscle injury, which is the underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in which mutations in the dystrophin gene disrupts the firm adhesion. In patients with DMD, even moderate contraction causes damage, leading to progressive muscle degeneration.

Case Series: Report of the First Two Human Indigenous Cases of Cryptococcus gattii Infection in Eastern Canada.

We report the two first cases of human C. gattii meningoencephalitis acquired on the Canadian east coast, from the province of Quebec. Unlike C.

Capturing how age-friendly communities foster positive health, social participation and health equity: a study protocol of key components and processes that promote population health in aging Canadians.

Background: To address the challenges of the global aging population, the World Health Organization promoted age-friendly communities as a way to foster the development of active aging community initiatives. Accordingly, key components (i.e.

The prevalence and determinants of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies in an international inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Autoantibodies to dense fine speckles 70 (DFS70) are purported to rule out the diagnosis of SLE when they occur in the absence of other SLE-related autoantibodies. This study is the first to report the prevalence of anti-DFS70 in an early, multinational inception SLE cohort and examine demographic, clinical, and autoantibody associations. Patients were enrolled in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort within 15 months of diagnosis.