Selective Enrichment of Angiomirs in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Ischemic Skeletal Muscles: Potential Role in Angiogenesis and Neovascularization.

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate physiological and pathological processes, including ischemia-induced angiogenesis and neovascularization. They can be transferred between cells by extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the specific miRs that are packaged in EVs released from skeletal muscles, and how this process is modulated by ischemia, remain to be determined.

Childhood and Adolescent Depression Symptoms and Young Adult Mental Health and Psychosocial Outcomes.

Importance: Depression is a leading cause of disability. The timing and persistence of depression may be differentially associated with long-term mental health and psychosocial outcomes.

Objective: To examine if depression symptoms during early and middle childhood and adolescence and persistent depression symptoms are associated with impaired young adult outcomes independent of early risk factors.

Nipocalimab in Early-Onset Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.

Background: In early-onset severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), transplacental transfer of maternal antierythrocyte IgG alloantibodies causes fetal anemia that leads to the use of high-risk intrauterine transfusions in order to avoid fetal hydrops and fetal death. Nipocalimab, an anti-neonatal Fc receptor blocker, inhibits transplacental IgG transfer and lowers maternal IgG levels.

Methods: In an international, open-label, single-group, phase 2 study, we assessed treatment with intravenous nipocalimab (30 or 45 mg per kilogram of body weight per week) administered from 14 to 35 weeks' gestation in participants with pregnancies at high risk for recurrent early-onset severe HDFN.

Akt is a mediator of artery specification during zebrafish development.

The dorsal aorta (DA) is the first major blood vessel to develop in the embryonic cardiovascular system. Its formation is governed by a coordinated process involving the migration, specification, and arrangement of angioblasts into arterial and venous lineages, a process conserved across species. Although vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGF-A) is known to drive DA specification and formation, the kinases involved in this process remain ambiguous.

Neighbourhood Environments and Lifestyle Behaviours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives: Early prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the high risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Residential neighbourhood features can promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risk, but less is known about their role in lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D, and no studies used comparisons to healthy controls.

Methods: We examined associations between residential neighbourhood features and lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls.

The Ugandan sickle Pan-African research consortium registry: design, development, and lessons.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa bears the highest burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) globally with Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda being the most affected countries. Uganda reports approximately 20,000 SCD births annually, constituting 6.67% of reported global SCD births.

Association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease: A two-stage sampling design within the Quebec Birth Cohort on Immunity and Health (CO·MMUNITY).

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, primarily administered to prevent tuberculosis, exhibits nonspecific immune effects and could play a role in inflammatory bowel disease prevention. We investigated the associations of BCG with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and assessed sex-differences.

Methods: This two-stage study included 365,206 Canadians from the Quebec Birth Cohort on Immunity and Health (1970-2014; stage 1).

UNITY: A low-field magnetic resonance neuroimaging initiative to characterize neurodevelopment in low and middle-income settings.

Measures of physical growth, such as weight and height have long been the predominant outcomes for monitoring child health and evaluating interventional outcomes in public health studies, including those that may impact neurodevelopment. While physical growth generally reflects overall health and nutritional status, it lacks sensitivity and specificity to brain growth and developing cognitive skills and abilities. Psychometric tools, e.

Variations in protocol development during oral immunotherapy.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) protocols are not standardized, and a wide heterogeneity exists in the literature. OIT protocol variables include the initiation approach (fixed dose versus oral food challenge), buildup speed (slow versus fast), target maintenance dose (low versus high target dose), type of food used, and use of adjuvants among other variables. Most protocols start with an initial escalation day, which is a series of extremely low doses to safely identify the patients who are most allergic, followed by a buildup period over several months to years until the final target maintenance dose is achieved.

An overview of current clinical practice and international oral immunotherapy guidelines: A focus on Spanish, European, and Canadian guidelines.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a recent and evolving therapeutic option for the treatment of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergies. Clinical practice guidelines are starting to emerge to establish the parameters of this new clinical offer. A comparative analysis reveals several areas of consensus, such as the need for an accurate diagnosis with immunoglobulin E testing and, if necessary, open food challenge before initiating therapy; a list of specific contraindications; the importance of performing OIT in an adequate setting with appropriate level of expertise; the possibility to use grocery products to perform OIT; and the need to adapt protocols to patient needs.

Immune phenotyping in a pediatric multicenter transplant study: Suitability of a preformulated dry-antibody panel system.

Flow-cytometric immune phenotyping is influenced by cryopreservation and inter-laboratory variability limiting comparability in multicenter studies. We assessed a system of optimized, pre-mixed dry-antibody panel tubes requiring small amounts of whole blood for validity, reliability and challenges in a Canadian multicenter study (POSITIVE) with long-distance sample shipping, using standardized protocols. Thirty-seven children awaiting solid-organ transplant were enrolled for parallel immune-phenotyping with both validated, optimized in-house panels and the dry-antibody system.

Investigating grey matter volumetric trajectories through the lifespan at the individual level.

Adolescents exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in the structural architecture of brain development. However, due to limited large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, existing research has largely focused on population averages, and the neurobiological basis underlying individual heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Here we identify, using the IMAGEN adolescent cohort followed up over 9 years (14-23 y), three groups of adolescents characterized by distinct developmental patterns of whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV).

TULIPs decorate the three-dimensional genome of PFA ependymoma.

Posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma is a lethal brain cancer diagnosed in infants and young children. The lack of driver events in the PFA linear genome led us to search its 3D genome for characteristic features. Here, we reconstructed 3D genomes from diverse childhood tumor types and uncovered a global topology in PFA that is highly reminiscent of stem and progenitor cells in a variety of human tissues.

Practice recommendations regarding parental presence in NICUs during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens like COVID-19.

Aim: To co-create parental presence practice recommendations across Canadian NICUs during pandemics caused by respiratory pathogens such as COVID-19.

Methods: Recommendations were developed through evidence, context, Delphi and Values and Preferences methods. For Delphi 1 and 2, participants rated 50 items and 20 items respectively on a scale from 1 (very low importance) to 5 (very high).

Mental Health Hospitalizations in Canadian Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Over the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in multiple socially restrictive public health measures and reported negative mental health impacts in youths. Few studies have evaluated incidence rates by sex, region, and social determinants across an entire population.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of hospitalizations for mental health conditions, stratified by sex, region, and social determinants, in children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as youths) and young adults comparing the prepandemic and pandemic-prevalent periods.

Developmental delay can precede neurologic regression in early onset metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Objective: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder. Emerging therapies are most effective in the presymptomatic phase, and thus defining this window is critical. We hypothesize that early development delay may precede developmental plateau.

Left Pulmonary Artery Stenting for Left Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device Closure: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Percutaneous device occlusion is currently the standard of care for most cases of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Albeit infrequent, device-related left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis is a known complication of this procedure, occasionally requiring stent placement to relieve the obstruction. We present a series of four patients who required left pulmonary stenting after ductus arteriosus device closure.

Positive impacts of universal newborn screening on the outcome of children with sickle cell disease in the province of Quebec: A retrospective cohort study.

A universal newborn screening program for sickle cell disease (uNS-SCD) was implemented in the province of Québec (Qc) in November 2013, close in time to the recommendation of early initiation of hydroxyurea (HU) therapy for children. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of such a program on children first seen between January 2000 and December 2019. Cohorts pre-SCD-uNS in Qc (pre-QcNS) ( = 253) and post-QcNS ( = 157) for patients seen prior to or after Nov 2013 were compared.