Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccine in Pregnancy to Prevent RSV Illness in Infants.

Background: Whether vaccination during pregnancy could reduce the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract illness in newborns and infants is uncertain.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind trial conducted in 18 countries, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, pregnant women at 24 through 36 weeks' gestation to receive a single intramuscular injection of 120 μg of a bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based (RSVpreF) vaccine or placebo. The two primary efficacy end points were medically attended severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness and medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness in infants within 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after birth.

Canadian Pediatric & Perinatal HIV/AIDS Research Group consensus recommendations for infant feeding in the HIV context.

Background: Providing comprehensive infant feeding guidance to families affected by HIV is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. While exclusive formula feeding remains the preferred recommendation for infants born to women living with HIV (WLWH) in high-income countries, a more nuanced approach that may include the option of breastfeeding under certain circumstances is emerging in many resource-rich countries.

Methods: The Canadian Pediatric & Perinatal HIV/AIDS Research Group (CPARG) hosted a Canadian Institute of Health Research-funded meeting in 2016 to develop consensus among multidisciplinary providers around counselling and recommendations for infant feeding.

Fragility and resilience: parental and family perspectives on the impacts of extreme prematurity.

Objectives: Extremely preterm babies have a significant risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). There has been little investigation regarding the impact of prematurity on families. The objective of this study was to explore parental perspectives regarding the impact of prematurity on themselves/their family.

Seizure Burden and Neurologic Outcomes After Neonatal Encephalopathy.

Background And Objectives: Seizures are common during neonatal encephalopathy (NE), but the contribution of seizure burden (SB) to outcomes remains controversial. This study aims to examine the relationship between electrographic SB and neurologic outcomes after NE.

Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited newborns ≥36 weeks postmenstrual age around 6 hours of life between August 2014 and November 2019 from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Trajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach.

Background: Stress exposure in childhood and adolescence has been linked to reductions in cortical structures and cognitive functioning. However, to date, most of these studies have been cross-sectional, limiting the ability to make long-term inferences, given that most cortical structures continue to develop through adolescence.

Methods: Here, we used a subset of the IMAGEN population cohort sample (N = 502; assessment ages: 14, 19, and 22 years; mean age: 21.

Predictors of Adherence to Short-Course Probiotics Among Children with Gastroenteritis who are Enrolled in a Clinical Trial.

Background: To improve our understanding of adherence to discharge medications in the ED and within research trials, we sought to quantify medication adherence and identify predictors thereof in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE).

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of twice daily probiotic for 5 days. The population included previously healthy children aged 3-47 months with AGE.

UMOYA: a prospective longitudinal cohort study to evaluate novel diagnostic tools and to assess long-term impact on lung health in South African children with presumptive pulmonary TB-a study protocol.

Background: Despite a high paediatric tuberculosis (TB) burden globally, sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are lacking. In addition, no data exist on the impact of pulmonary TB on long-term child lung health in low- and middle-income countries. The prospective observational UMOYA study aims (1) to build a state-of-the-art clinical, radiological, and biological repository of well-characterised children with presumptive pulmonary TB as a platform for future studies to explore new emerging diagnostic tools and biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment response; and (2) to investigate the short and long-term impact of pulmonary TB on lung health and quality of life in children.

Single substitution in H3.3G34 alters DNMT3A recruitment to cause progressive neurodegeneration.

Germline histone H3.3 amino acid substitutions, including H3.3G34R/V, cause severe neurodevelopmental syndromes.

Practices, support and stigma related to infant feeding and postpartum engagement in care among women living with HIV in Canada.

Breastfeeding is not recommended for women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada. We described the prevalence of breastfeeding and explored experiences of care, support, and stigma related to infant feeding. Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia (Canada).

A handheld bioprinter for multi-material printing of complex constructs.

bioprinting-the process of depositing bioinks at a defected area, has recently emerged as a versatile technology for tissue repair and restorationsite-specific delivery of pro-healing constructs. The ability to print multiple materialsis an exciting approach that allows simultaneous or sequential dispensing of different materials and cells to achieve tissue biomimicry. Herein, we report a modular handheld bioprinter that deposits a variety of bioinkswith exquisite control over their physical and chemical properties.

The role of biologics in pediatric food allergy and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders.

Continuing insight into the molecular mechanisms of atopic disorders has enabled the development of biologics to precisely target these diseases. Food allergy (FA) and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are driven by similar inflammatory molecular mechanisms and exist along the same atopic disease spectrum. Therefore, many of the same biologics are being investigated to target key drivers of mechanisms shared across the disease states.

Importance of Central Imaging Review in a Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Trial Using Positron Emission Tomography Response Adapted Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of central review of the interim fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan response (iPET) assessment on treatment allocation in the risk-based, response-adapted, Children's Oncology Group study AHOD1331 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02166463) for pediatric patients with high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods And Materials: Per protocol, after 2 cycles of systemic therapy, patients underwent iPET, with visual response assessment by 5-point Deauville score (DS) at their treating institution and a real-time central review, with the latter considered the reference standard.

Mitigating the detrimental developmental impact of early fetal alcohol exposure using a maternal methyl donor-enriched diet.

Fetal alcohol exposure at any stage of pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a group of life-long conditions characterized by congenital malformations, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and emotional impairments. The teratogenic effects of alcohol have long been publicized; yet fetal alcohol exposure is one of the most common preventable causes of birth defects. Currently, alcohol abstinence during pregnancy is the best and only way to prevent FASD.

Situation Awareness-Oriented Dashboard in ICUs in Support of Resource Management in Time of Pandemics.

In a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of 32 beds, clinicians manage resources 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, from a large-screen dashboard implemented in 2017. This resource management dashboard efficiently replaces the handwriting information displayed on a whiteboard, offering a synthetic view of the bed's layout and specific information on staff and equipment at bedside. However, in 2020 when COVID-19 hit, the resource management dashboard showed several limitations.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric asthma-related emergency department visits and hospital admissions in Montréal, Quebec: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects 10% of Canadian children and is often exacerbated by viral respiratory infections, prompting concerns about the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children with asthma. We compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children presenting to the emergency department and the incidence of these visits, before and during the pandemic.

Methods: We included children aged 0 to 17 years presenting with asthma to 2 tertiary pediatric emergency departments in Montréal, Quebec, between the prepandemic (Jan.

Vaccine confidence among those living with allergy during the COVID pandemic (ACCORD): A scoping review.

Background: Reports of allergic reactions to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, coupled with an "infodemic" of misinformation, carry the potential to undermine confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines. However, no attempts have been made to comprehensively synthesize the literature on how allergic disease and fear of allergic reactions to the vaccines contribute to hesitancy.

Objectives: Our aim was to review the academic and gray literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and allergic reactions.

Intranasal ketamine for procedural sedation in children: An open-label multicenter clinical trial.

Introduction: There are limited options for pain and distress management in children undergoing minor procedures, without the burden of an intravenous line insertion. Prior to this study, we conducted a dose-escalation study and identified 6 mg/kg as a potentially optimal initial dose of intranasal ketamine.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of intranasal ketamine at a dose of 6 mg/kg for procedural sedation to repair lacerations with sutures in children in the emergency department.

The cost-effectiveness of targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus in newborns compared to clinical diagnosis in the US.

Objective: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the leading environmental cause of hearing loss (HL) among children, affecting four in one thousand newborns. cCMV testing in the US is currently based on clinical diagnosis which does not consistently identify cCMV cases and precludes early intervention to prevent and reduce the severity of HL. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of targeted newborn screening and cCMV testing among newborns compared to clinical diagnosis.

Ilio-femoral ligament strains during the flexion-abduction-external rotation test: A cadaveric study.

Background: Flexion-abduction-external-rotation (FABER) test is one of the most used tests during the clinical assessment of the hip joint. The limited range of motions reached could be due to iliofemoral ligament tightness, but no study has assessed capsular ligament strain during this test. The main objective of this study is to report strains within the iliofemoral ligament during the FABER test using a segmental approach.

Physical activity levels, pulmonary function, and MRI in children born extremely preterm: A comparison between children with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction: Children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may have lower physical activity levels, but evidence to date is mixed. This study compared physical activity levels between children born extremely preterm with and without history of BPD, and examined their associations with pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pulmonary function test (PFT) indices.

Methods: This multicentre cross-sectional study included children aged 7-9 years born extremely preterm, with and without BPD.

Concordance in COVID-19 serology, bone mineralization, and inflammatory analytes between venous and self-collected capillary blood samples exposed to various pre-analytical conditions.

Background: The COVID-19 has led to a significant increase in demand for remote blood sampling in clinical trials. This study aims to ascertain the concordance between venous versus capillary samples, processed immediately or exposed to various pre-analytical conditions.

Methods: Participants (≥12 years old) provided a venous blood sample (processed immediately) and capillary samples allocated to one of the following conditions: processed immediately or exposed to 12-, 24-, or 36-h delays at room temperature or 36-h delays with a freeze-thaw cycle.