Early clindamycin for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy (PREMEVA): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Preterm delivery during pregnancy (<37 weeks' gestation) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Treating bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy can reduce poor outcomes, such as preterm birth. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis decreases late miscarriages or spontaneous very preterm birth.

Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus With Plasma Exchange in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: After observing a case of plasma exchange-mediated hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a kidney transplant recipient, we investigated the relationship between plasma exchange and HEV infection after kidney transplantation.

Methods: A cohort of 263 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2012, was screened for HEV markers, including anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies and HEV ribonucleic acid (RNA), on 3 consecutive blood samples: 1 before, 1 with a mean (standard deviation) of 9.5 (9) months, and 1 with a mean (standard deviation) of 18.

Baseline sensitivity of T cells to alpha-IFN correlates with sustained virological response to IFN-based triple therapy in HCV infection.

Chronic infection with HCV is a public health problem with approximately 170 million people infected worldwide. Interferon alpha (IFNα) sensitivity in liver and IL28B genotype has been identified as important determinants of HCV clearance in the setting of pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment. Herein, we explored IFNα sensitivity in PBMC from 21 healthy donors and 21 HCV-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin and HCV nonstructural protein-3 inhibitors (i.

High body mass index has a deleterious effect on semen parameters except morphology: results from a large cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on semen characteristics.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Single private andrology laboratory.

Toward theragnostics.

Theragnostics is a treatment strategy that combines therapeutics with diagnostics. It associates both a diagnostic test that identifies patients most likely to be helped or harmed by a new medication, and targeted drug therapy based on the test results. Bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and functional genomics are molecular biology tools essential for the progress of molecular theragnostics.

[Risks incurred by the first intravenous drug injection].

Aims: The objectives of the study were to describe the circumstances surrounding the initiation of intravenous drug use, the role of the introducer and to evaluate intravenous drug users risk behaviors at the first injection of drug.

Design: In 1997, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire concerning the initiation process into intravenous drug abuse. IDUs were interviewed in four treatment drug abuse and psychosocial centers in Paris and in one prison.

Neosynthesized IgG detected by Western blotting in Toxoplasma-seropositive heart or lung transplant recipients.

Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease in heart- or lung transplant recipients that can result either from the reactivation of a latent infection or from an organ-transmitted infection. The diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis is easy in cases of seroconversion following a mismatch. However, when the recipient is Toxoplasma-seropositive before transplantation, usual serological techniques do not allow the differentiation between endogenous and organ-related reinfection.

Involvement of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathway in host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii.

Little is known about signalling in Toxoplasma gondii, but it is likely that protein kinases might play a key role in the parasite proliferation, differentiation and probably invasion. We previously characterized Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinases in T. gondii lysates.

Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy in infertile women.

Objective: To assess reproductive outcome after laparoscopic myomectomies for interstitial and/or subserosal myomas in infertile women with or without associated infertility factors.

Study Design: In this observational study, 91 women with infertility for one year and at least one interstitial and/or subserosal myoma > 20 mm were treated with laparoscopic myomectomy. All patients were mailed questions about fertility and pregnancy outcome.

Frequent detection of HIV-1 in the gastric aspirates of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and correlates of oral route exposure of infants born to HIV-1-infected women.

Methods: A multicenter study was performed within the prospective French Perinatal Cohort Study of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Oropharyngeal and gastric aspirates from 122 neonates were studied by reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HIV-1, as well as for standard microbiology (Gram staining and culture).

Performance of a Western blot assay to compare mother and newborn anti-Toxoplasma antibodies for the early neonatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the performance of a Western blot assay to compare mother and newborn anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies for the early neonatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since specific anti-Toxoplasma IgM or IgA is detected inconstantly at birth in the neonate, the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is often delayed until 6-9 months, after IgG titers have been observed persistently. In this study, 81 paired samples from 60 mother/child pairs were tested for IgG and IgM patterns.

Value of prenatal diagnosis and early postnatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: retrospective study of 110 cases.

We reviewed the files of 110 women with Toxoplasma seroconversion during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis was attempted for 94 women by amniotic fluid sampling. Toxoplasma gondii was detected by PCR, with or without tissue culture and mouse inoculation.

Estimation of inspiratory pressure drop in neonatal and pediatric endotracheal tubes.

Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) constitute a resistive extra load for intubated patients. The ETT pressure drop (DeltaP(ETT)) is usually described by empirical equations that are specific to one ETT only. Our laboratory previously showed that, in adult ETTs, DeltaP(ETT) is given by the Blasius formula (F.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy with trisomy 20p and monosomy 22q in a newborn resulting from a balanced paternal translocation.

In infertile men who carry a balanced reciprocal translocation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may induce a pregnancy with an abnormal karyotype. This report describes a previously unreported paternal reciprocal translocation leading to a chromosomally unbalanced ICSI pregnancy. The triplet pregnancy resulted in 1 normal girl, 1 physically normal boy with the same balanced paternal translocation, and a severely malformed boy with trisomy 20p and monosomy 22q who died in the neonatal period.

Low-dose doxapram for treatment of apnoea following early weaning in very low birthweight infants: a randomized, double-blind study.

The effects of low-dose doxapram (0.5 mg kg(-1)h(-1)) in combination with caffeine were evaluated on apnoea frequency following weaning from mechanical ventilation, and on blood pressure, in very low birthweight (BW) premature infants. Twenty-nine infants with BW < or=1250 g, gestational age at birth (GA) <34 weeks and postnatal age <5 d, who required minimal respiratory support, were included.

[Mid- and long-term outcome of 77 triplets and their families].

Objective: To compare the family status and neurodevelopment of triplets conceived by spontaneous pregnancy (SP), ovarian stimulation (OS), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and gametal intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT).

Design: A follow-up study consisted of neurodevelopmental examination and/or of interviews of parents/pediatricians/teachers and social workers. Outcome of the children was categorized as defective (mild, moderate, severe) or normal.

[Retroperitoneal endometriosis infiltrating the utero-sacral ligaments. Technique and results of laparoscopic surgery].

Objective: The goal of this study is to assess the efficiency of laparoscopic surgical treatment of pain for patients presenting deep endometriosis located on the uterosacral ligaments.

Study Design: We analysed a continuous series of 36 patients treated by operative laparoscopy between January 1993 and April 1995. In all these cases treatment consisted of resection of all the uterosacral ligament(s) together with exeresis of all other endometriotic lesions.

Congenital chylothorax with hydrops: postnatal care and outcome following antenatal diagnosis.

We consecutively managed 25 cases of fetal chylothorax with hydrops (pleuroamniotic shunting in 20/25 cases). Three of the 16 liveborn infants died before day 5 from malformations (n = 1) or complications of antenatal origin (n = 2). Eleven of the 13 survivors were treated in our unit.

[Mid-term and long-term outcome in newborn infants with periventricular leukomalacia (53 cases)].

During the period 1983-1987, 53 neonates (30 boys, 23 girls, mean birth weight 1,438 +/- 317 g, mean gestational age 30 +/- 2 weeks) were found to have cystic periventricular leukomalacias (CPVL) detected by brain ultrasonography. The neuro-developmental follow-up was 3-7 years. Seventeen CPVL were isolated and CPVL were associated with minor peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (0-1 to II-II) in 36 cases.

Immunomodulations of thymocytes and splenocytes in trained rats.

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of training (running) on thymus and spleen cells in the rat. Young Wistar control rats (n = 6), rats trained for 4 wk (n = 5), and rats trained for 4 wk followed by 1 wk of intensive training (3 h/day, n = 6) were studied. Various lymphocyte surface and nuclear markers were determined by immunocytochemistry.

Role of the N-terminal arginine in the histamine-releasing activity of substance P, bradykinin and related peptides.

A series of substance P (SP)- and bradykinin (BK)-related peptides have been compared for their histamine-releasing activities on rat peritoneal mast cells. Some of these peptides only differed in the N-acetylation of the N-terminal arginine residue or by the removal of charged residue at the N-terminal. The aim was to examine the role of the N-terminal positive charges in the histamine-releasing activity of compounds that are selective for the SP receptor (named NK-1) or for the B2 type bradykinin receptor.

Neonatal diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome.

After a brief historical recall, this review states the needs for an accurate diagnosis of the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The clinical features consist of disturbances of respiratory rate, grunting, intercostal retractions, and cyanosis, but early mechanical ventilation tends to suppress most of them. Laboratory findings include hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and mixed acidosis.

Neurodevelopmental outcome in cystic periventricular leukomalacia (CPVL) (30 cases).

Thirty infant survivors had a wide spectrum of neonatal cystic periventricular leukomalacia (CPVL) diagnosed by ultrasound scans: 11 minor forms, 12 moderate forms, 7 major forms (categorized by both sagittal extent and coronal thickness). Eight cases were pure CPVL and 22 were associated with minor to moderate peri-intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH), i.e.