Very long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in young men and women: Insights from the FAST-MI program.

Aims: Conflicting data exists about long-term outcomes in young women and men experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: The FAST-MI program consists of three nationwide French surveys carried out 5years apart from 2005 to 2015, including consecutive patients with AMI over a 1-month period with up to 10-year follow-up. The present analysis focused on adults≤50 yo according to their gender.

The effect of placentation type, litter size, lactation and gestation length on cancer risk in mammals.

Reproduction is a central activity for all living organisms but is also associated with a diversity of costs that are detrimental for survival. Until recently, the cost of cancer as a selective force has been poorly considered. Considering 191 mammal species, we found cancer mortality was more likely to be detected in species having large, rather than low, litter sizes and long lactation lengths regardless of the placentation types.

No evidence that spice consumption is a cancer prevention mechanism in human populations.

Background: Why humans historically began to incorporate spices into their diets is still a matter of unresolved debate. For example, a recent study (Bromham et al. There is little evidence that spicy food in hot countries is an adaptation to reducing infection risk.

Identifying key questions in the ecology and evolution of cancer.

The application of evolutionary and ecological principles to cancer prevention and treatment, as well as recognizing cancer as a selection force in nature, has gained impetus over the last 50 years. Following the initial theoretical approaches that combined knowledge from interdisciplinary fields, it became clear that using the eco-evolutionary framework is of key importance to understand cancer. We are now at a pivotal point where accumulating evidence starts to steer the future directions of the discipline and allows us to underpin the key challenges that remain to be addressed.

[Oncofertility and breast cancer at Montpellier University Hospital: Retrospective analysis of patients management since 2011].

Objective: Five to 7% of breast cancers affect women under 40 years old. The survival of these patients has been improved thanks to therapeutic advances, often to the detriment of their fertility. The objective of this study is to evaluate the activity of oncofertility and the future of young women with breast cancer managed at the Montpellier University Hospital.

[TAVI simplification: A focus].

After a first procedure carried out in 2002 by Pr Cribier's, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement or TAVR revolutionized the management of aortic stenosis with a constant increase in the number of procedures performed worldwide. Experience of operators and teams and evolution of the technique has been accompanied by a drastic reduction in complications in patients at lower surgical risk. In parallel, the procedure was considerably simplified, carried out more and more under local anesthesia, with percutaneous femoral approach, secondary radial approach, prosthesis implantation without predilatation, rapid pacing on left ventricle wire and early discharge.

[Contraception: CNGOF Guidelines for Clinical Practice (Short Version)].

The French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF) releases its first global recommendations for clinical practice in contraception, to provide physicians with an updated synthesis of available data as a basis for their practice. The French Health Authority (HAS) methodology was used. Twelve practical issues were selected by the organizing committee and the task force members.

TAVI: Simplification Is the Ultimate Sophistication.

Since its introduction in 2002, TAVI has evolved dramatically and is now standard of care for intermediate risk patients when the femoral approach can be implemented safely. The development of innovative transcatheter heart valves (THVs) and refinement of technical skills have contributed to the decrease in complication rates associated with TAVI. Increased experience, smaller sheaths, rigorous pre-procedural planning and improved vascular closing techniques have resulted in markedly lower rates of vascular complications.

Pulmonary endothelial cell DNA methylation signature in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and incurable pulmonary vascular disease. One of the primary origins of PAH is pulmonary endothelial dysfunction leading to vasoconstriction, aberrant angiogenesis and smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, thrombosis and inflammation. Our objective was to study the epigenetic variations in pulmonary endothelial cells (PEC) through a specific pattern of DNA methylation.

Identification of 12 new susceptibility loci for different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer.

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.

MSH2/BRCA1 expression as a DNA-repair signature predicting survival in early-stage lung cancer patients from the IFCT-0002 Phase 3 Trial.

Introduction: DNA repair is a double-edged sword in lung carcinogenesis. When defective, it promotes genetic instability and accumulated genetic alterations. Conversely these defects could sensitize cancer cells to therapeutic agents inducing DNA breaks.

Inactivation of p53 Is Sufficient to Induce Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats.

Objective: Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) show similarities to cancer cells. Due to the growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic effects of p53 and its inactivation in cancer, we hypothesized that the p53 pathway could be altered in PAH. We therefore explored the involvement of p53 in the monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the pathophysiological consequences of p53 inactivation in response to animal treatment with pifithrin-α (PFT, an inhibitor of p53 activity).

Rationale and design of the Cyclosporine to ImpRove Clinical oUtcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients (the CIRCUS trial).

Background: Both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion contribute to cardiomyocyte death in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The final infarct size is the principal determinant of subsequent clinical outcome in STEMI patients. In a proof-of-concept phase II trial, the administration of cyclosporine prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has been associated with a reduction of infarct size in STEMI patients.

[Uterine packing efficacy in postpartum hemorrhage. About 99 cases. The experience of a French hospital level 2 A].

Objective: To show place and usefulness of intra-uterine compression in management of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH).

Material And Methods: Retrospective cohort study, monocentric, including all consecutive cases of PPH during four years in an obstetric department of level IIa. The compression technique was the use of intra-uterine meshes, and efficacy was defined as a total and immediate bleeding interruption.

LXA4 stimulates ZO-1 expression and transepithelial electrical resistance in human airway epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells.

Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) is a biologically active eicosanoid produced in human airways that displays anti-inflammatory properties. In cystic fibrosis and severe asthma, LXA(4) production has been reported to be decreased, and, in such diseases, one of the consequences of airway inflammation is disruption of the tight junctions. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of LXA(4) on tight junction formation, using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.

Rapid anti-secretory effects of glucocorticoids in human airway epithelium.

Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory molecules classically described as acting through a genomic pathway. Similar to many steroid hormones, glucocorticoids also induce rapid non-genomic responses. The present paper provides a general overview of the rapid non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids in airway and will be mainly focused on a retrospective of the authors work on rapid effects of glucocorticoids in airway epithelial cell transport.

Rapid effects of dexamethasone on intracellular pH and Na+/H+ exchanger activity in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Glucocorticoids have been shown to produce rapid nongenomic responses in airway epithelia. By using an intracellular pH (pH(i)) spectrofluorescence imaging system and the NH4Cl acid-loading technique, we have shown that the synthetic glucocorticoid,dexamethasone, accelerated intracellular pH recovery after an acid load in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o- cells). Exposure to NH4Cl (20 mm) elicited an intracellular acidification, followed by a pH(i) recovery.

Skeletal muscle microbiopsy: a validation study of a minimally invasive technique.

The study of the peripheral skeletal muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is of growing interest, but often requires biopsies, usually with the Bergström technique. The current study was designed to test the validity of a minimally invasive technique: the microbiopsy. In 17 patients with COPD and four normal subjects, two specimens of the vastus lateralis were taken percutaneously under local anaesthesia, one with a 16-gauge needle (microbiopsy) and the other with the Bergström needle.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast proliferation through mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt.

A hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the pseudo-tumoral expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), and the RA FLS has therefore been proposed as a therapeutic target. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been described as a pro-apoptotic factor on RA FLSs and, therefore, suggested as a potential drug. Here we report that exposure to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a portion (up to 30%) of RA FLSs within the first 24 h.

Miniglucagon (MG)-generating endopeptidase, which processes glucagon into MG, is composed of N-arginine dibasic convertase and aminopeptidase B.

Miniglucagon (MG), the C-terminal glucagon fragment, processed from glucagon by the MG-generating endopeptidase (MGE) at the Arg17-Arg18 dibasic site, displays biological effects opposite to that of the mother-hormone. This secondary processing occurs in the glucagon- and MG-producing alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans and from circulating glucagon. We first characterized the enzymatic activities of MGE in culture media from glucagon and MG-secreting alphaTC1.

Extracellularly regulated kinases 1/2 (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases) phosphorylate synapsin I and regulate insulin secretion in the MIN6 beta-cell line and islets of Langerhans.

The p44/p42 MAPKs (ERK1/2) cascade regulates beta-cell nuclear events, which modulates cell differentiation and gene transcription, whereas its implication in processes occurring in the cytoplasm, such as activation of the exocytotic machinery, is still unclear. Using the MIN6 beta-cell line and isolated rat islets of Langerhans, we investigated whether glucose, by activating the ERK1/2 cascade, induces phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins implicated in exocytosis of insulin granules such as synapsin I. We observed that the majority of ERK1/2 activity induced by glucose remains in the cytoplasm and physically interacts with synapsin I, allowing phosphorylation of the substrate.

FKBP12.6 overexpression decreases Ca2+ spark amplitude but enhances [Ca2+]i transient in rat cardiac myocytes.

Ryanodine receptors/Ca2+-release channels (RyR2) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) provide the Ca2+ required for contraction at each cardiac twitch. RyR2 are regulated by a variety of proteins, including the immunophilin FK506 binding protein (FKBP12.6).