Aarskog-Scott syndrome: a clinical study based on a large series of 111 male patients with a pathogenic variant in and management recommendations.

Background: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare condition with multiple congenital anomalies, caused by hemizygote variants in the gene. Its description was based mostly on old case reports, in whom a molecular diagnosis was not always available, or on small series. The aim of this study was to better delineate the phenotype and the natural history of AAS and to provide clues for the diagnosis and the management of the patients.

[Smoking and tuberculosis].

SMOKING AND TUBERCULOSIS. Tuberculosis and smoking are responsible for high mortality worldwide. Tuberculosis causes 9 million incident cases and 1.

[Tobacco and tuberculosis: the nature of the links and the consequences of this association].

Tuberculosis and smoking are responsible for significant mortality worldwide. Smoking is spreading in emerging countries, and its prevalence is high in developed countries among socially disadvantaged populations; it could be the source of a resurgence of tuberculosis in future years. The aim of this review is to clarify the consequences of the association between smoking and tuberculosis, and the benefits of smoking cessation for smokers with tuberculosis.

Evolution of hematocrit in burn patients as a marker of early fluid management during acute phase.

Objective: To evaluate the value of hematocrit for monitoring fluid resuscitation of burn patients in the acute phase of their care.

Method: We conducted a single-center retrospective study focused on patients admitted with a burn surface of more than 20 % of the total body surface area (TBSA) from 2014 to 2021. We investigated the relationship between the change in hematocrit and the volume administered for patient resuscitation.

Impact of Antibiotics and Proton Pump Inhibitors on Efficacy and Tolerance of Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: The use of antibiotics (ATB) and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) alters the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, which can influence the immune system, consequently interfering with response to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We assessed the impact of ATB and/or PPI use on the efficacy and safety of ICI.

Methods: Two hundred twelve patients treated with anti-PD1 ICI for non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, upper airway & digestive tract carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively included.

Management of prosthetic joint infections in France: a national audit to identify key situations requiring innovation and homogenization.

Background: Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are one of the most serious complication of arthroplasty. The management of PJI needs a multidisciplinary collaboration between orthopaedic surgeon, infectious disease specialist and microbiologist. In France, the management of PJI is organized around reference centres (CRIOACs).

[Smoking cessation in smokers with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis - considerations from the management of ten patients].

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) belongs to the spectrum of diffuse interstitial cystic pneumonias; it affects young people of both sexes and occurs almost exclusively in tobacco smokers or co-users of tobacco and cannabis. The management of this severe chronic disease is undertaken in specialized centers. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease has opened up prospects for targeted therapies.

Performance of the ROX index to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure.

Background: Delayed intubation is associated with high mortality. There is a lack of objective criteria to decide the time of intubation. We assessed a recently described combined oxygenation index (ROX index) to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients.

[Tobacco and cannabis consumption : toxicity and management of quitting].

The use of cannabis is most often associated with that of tobacco. While the addictive power of cannabis is low, that of tobacco is high. The regular use of both tobacco and cannabis is at the origin of the increase in dependence on each substance, which makes stopping this double consumption often difficult.

[An update on the most recent mini-invasive surgical and interventional techniques in the management of benign prostatic obstruction].

Introduction: New surgical techniques for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) have emerged in recent years. We sought to give an overview on each of these technologies.

Material: A comprehensive review of the literature between 2013 and 2020 was carried out by a panel of national experts already practicing these interventions.

[Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening].

Several studies have shown that lung cancer screening, using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan in a targeted population of smokers and ex-smokers reduces overall and lung cancer specific mortality rates. This form of screening strategy is not currently established for use in France by the French High Authority for Health. Quitting smoking is the most important measure in reducing mortality from lung cancer.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells proliferation associated with acute myeloid leukemia: phenotype profile and mutation landscape.

Neoplasms involving plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) include Blastic pDC Neoplasms (BPDCN) and other pDC proliferations, where pDCs are associated with myeloid malignancies: most frequently Chronic MyeloMonocytic Leukemia (CMML) but also Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), hereafter named pDC-AML. We aimed to determine the reactive or neoplastic origin of pDCs in pDC-AML, and their link with the CD34+ blasts, monocytes or conventional DCs (cDCs) associated in the same sample, by phenotypic and molecular analyses (targeted NGS, 70 genes). We compared 15 pDC-AML at diagnosis with 21 BPDCN and 11 normal pDCs from healthy donors.

[Carbon monoxide poisoning in active or passive shisha smokers].

In France, shisha (narghile) smoking is increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults and is generally thought to be less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. This systematic review of data on carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in active or passive shisha tobacco smokers selected 17 studies. Sixteen case reports, including 39 patients (mean age: 22.

Physicochemical stability of an admixture of lidocaine and ketamine in polypropylene syringe used in opioid-free anaesthesia.

Objectives: Opioid-free anaesthesia is a treatment strategy of pain management based on the use of drugs such as lidocaine, ketamine and dexmedetomidine that do not interact significantly with opioid receptors. In particular, these drugs are used by anaesthesiologists to ensure adequate levels of analgesia during surgical procedures for burn patients such as daily wound dressings and graft surgeries. Furthermore, for hypothermia prevention and wound-healing purposes, ambient temperature must be kept high for these patients, usually between 27°C and 30°C.

[Predictive factors for skeletal-related events in lung cancer].

Introduction: Skeletal-related events (SRE) are common in patients with bone metastatic lung cancer and have a negative impact on quality of life and survival. The objective of this study is to identify predictive factors for SRE occurrence among this population.

Methods: We conducted a 3-year retrospective study including 100 lung cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Center effect in intubation risk in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Background: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical endpoint in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, data are lacking on whether intubation is an objective criteria that is used unbiasedly across centers. This study explores how this outcome varies across ICUs.

A novel machine learning-derived decision tree including uPA/PAI-1 for breast cancer care.

Background uPA and PAI-1 are breast cancer biomarkers that evaluate the benefit of chemotherapy (CT) for HER2-negative, estrogen receptor-positive, low or intermediate grade patients. Our objectives were to observe clinical routine use of uPA/PAI-1 and to build a new therapeutic decision tree integrating uPA/PAI-1. Methods We observed the concordance between CT indications proposed by a canonical decision tree representative of French practices (not including uPA/PAI-1) and actual CT prescriptions decided by a medical board which included uPA/PAI-1.

Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Standard Oxygen on 28-Day Mortality in Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: The HIGH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: High-flow nasal oxygen therapy is increasingly used for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Objective: To determine whether high-flow oxygen therapy decreases mortality among immunocompromised patients with AHRF compared with standard oxygen therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The HIGH randomized clinical trial enrolled 776 adult immunocompromised patients with AHRF (Pao2 <60 mm Hg or Spo2 <90% on room air, or tachypnea >30/min or labored breathing or respiratory distress, and need for oxygen ≥6 L/min) at 32 intensive care units (ICUs) in France between May 19, 2016, and December 31, 2017.