Enrichment of Formula in Probiotics or Prebiotics and Risk of Infection and Allergic Diseases up to Age 5.5 Years in the Nationwide Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) Cohort.

Background: An increasing number of infant and follow-on formulas are enriched with probiotics and/or prebiotics; however, evidence for health effects of such enrichment in early childhood remains inconclusive.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess whether the consumption of formula enriched with probiotics or prebiotics was associated with the risk of infection and allergic diseases in early childhood.

Methods: Analyses involved data for 8389 formula-fed children from the Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) cohort.

Optimisation of treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in routine practice: a position statement from a panel of experts.

Major international practice guidelines recommend the use of a combination of 4 medication classes in the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but do not specify how these treatments should be introduced and up-titrated. Consequently, many patients with HFrEF do not receive an optimized treatment regimen. This review proposes a pragmatic algorithm for treatment optimization designed to be easily applied in routine practice.

Development of an intervention program to reduce whole-body vibration exposure based on occupational and individual determinants among dumper operators.

Studies related to a systematic approach for intervention design to reduce whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure are scarce. This study presents a systematic approach to identifying, selecting and prioritizing safety interventions to fulfill that research gap. A total of 130 vibration readings for dumper operators were taken from two surface iron ore mines to identify significant determinants of WBV exposure.

Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the DIAMOND trial.

Aims: To investigate the impact of patiromer on the serum potassium level and its ability to enable specified target doses of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) use in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods And Results: A total of 1642 patients with HFrEF and current or a history of RAASi-related hyperkalemia were screened and 1195 were enrolled in the run-in phase with patiromer and optimization of the RAASi therapy [≥50% recommended dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, and 50 mg of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) spironolactone or eplerenone]. Specified target doses of the RAASi therapy were achieved in 878 (84.

Excitability of the radiculo-medullary circuitry in spastic cerebral palsy: An intraoperative neurophysiological study in children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Aim: To explore - through intraoperative neurophysiology mapping and recordings - the comparative distribution of the reflexive excitability of the L2 to S2 radiculo-metameric segments of the spinal cord in a series of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) who underwent selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR).

Method: Our series included 46 consecutive children (36 males, 10 females; aged 5-16 years, mean 8 years) who underwent SDR, using keyhole interlaminar dorsal rhizotomy. The procedure allowed access to all L2 to S2 roots independently, while preserving the posterior architecture of the lumbar spine.

Thyroidectomy without Radioiodine in Patients with Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer.

Background: In patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy, the postoperative administration of radioiodine (iodine-131) is controversial in the absence of demonstrated benefits.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, phase 3 trial, we assigned patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer who were undergoing thyroidectomy to receive ablation with postoperative administration of radioiodine (1.1 GBq) after injections of recombinant human thyrotropin (radioiodine group) or to receive no postoperative radioiodine (no-radioiodine group).

Enrichment of Formula in Probiotics or Prebiotics and Risk of Infection and Allergic Diseases up to Age 5.5 Years in the Nationwide Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) Cohort.

Background: An increasing number of infant and follow-on formulas are enriched with probiotics and/or prebiotics; however, evidence for health effects of such enrichment in early childhood remains inconclusive.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess whether the consumption of formula enriched with probiotics or prebiotics was associated with the risk of infection and allergic diseases in early childhood.

Methods: Analyses involved data for 8389 formula-fed children from the Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) cohort.

[Reprint of: Severe pre-eclampsia: guidelines for clinical practice from the French Society of anesthesiology and intensive care (SFAR) and the French College of gynaecologists and obstetricians (CNGOF)].

Objective: To provide national guidelines for the management of women with severe preeclampsia.

Design: A consensus committee of 26 experts was formed. A formal conflict of interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout.

Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

Purpose: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is known to cause infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune manifestations. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an unusual complication of CVID with largely unknown characteristics and mechanisms.

Methods: We report the clinical, functional, hemodynamics, radiologic and histologic characteristics, and outcomes of CVID-associated PH patients from the French PH Network.

Impact of Geographic Region on the COMMANDER-HF Trial.

Objectives: This study sought to compare patient characteristics, outcomes, and treatment effects among regions in the COMMANDER-HF trial.

Background: Globalization of cardiovascular trials increases generalizability. However, regional differences may also introduce heterogeneity in results.

The Decline of the Experimental Paradigm During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Template for the Future.

The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted an unprecedented impact across the globe. As a consequence of this overwhelming catastrophe, long-established prevailing medical and scientific paradigms have been disrupted. The response of the scientific community, medical journals, media, and some politicians has been far from ideal.

Heart failure drug treatment.

Heart failure is the most common cardiovascular reason for hospital admission for people older than 60 years of age. Few areas in medicine have progressed as remarkably as heart failure treatment over the past three decades. However, progress has been consistent only for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Dissociable effects of inter-stimulus interval and presentation duration on rapid face categorization.

Fast periodic visual stimulation combined with electroencephalography (FPVS-EEG) has unique sensitivity and objectivity in measuring rapid visual categorization processes. It constrains image processing time by presenting stimuli rapidly through brief stimulus presentation durations and short inter-stimulus intervals. However, the selective impact of these temporal parameters on visual categorization is largely unknown.

Rapid Objective Assessment of Contrast Sensitivity and Visual Acuity With Sweep Visual Evoked Potentials and an Extended Electrode Array.

Purpose: Sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEPs) provide an implicit, objective, and sensitive evaluation of low-level visual functions such as visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. For practical and traditional reasons, sVEPs in ophthalmologic examinations have usually been recorded over a single or a limited number of electrodes over the medial occipital region. Here we examined whether a higher density of recording electrodes improves the estimation of individual low-level visual thresholds with sVEPS, and to which extent such testing could be streamlined for clinical application.

Mapping face categorization in the human ventral occipitotemporal cortex with direct neural intracranial recordings.

The neural basis of face categorization has been widely investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), identifying a set of face-selective local regions in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC). However, indirect recording of neural activity with fMRI is associated with large fluctuations of signal across regions, often underestimating face-selective responses in the anterior VOTC. While direct recording of neural activity with subdural grids of electrodes (electrocorticography, ECoG) or depth electrodes (stereotactic electroencephalography, SEEG) offers a unique opportunity to fill this gap in knowledge, these studies rather reveal widely distributed face-selective responses.

Perspective of Spanish medical students regarding undergraduate education in infectious diseases, bacterial resistance and antibiotic use.

Introduction: One of the main tools to optimize antibiotics use is education of prescribers. The aim of this article is to study undergraduate education in the field of infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic stewardship from the perspective of Spanish medical students.

Material And Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed among sixth grade students using different channels in Europe, within the ESGAP Student-Prepare survey.

A rapid, objective and implicit measure of visual quantity discrimination.

There is evidence that accurate and rapid judgments of visual quantities form an essential component of human mathematical ability. However, explicit behavioural discrimination measures of visual quantities are readily contaminated both by variations in low-level physical parameters and higher order cognitive factors, while implicit measures often lack objectivity and sensitivity at the individual participant level. Here, with electrophysiological frequency tagging, we show discrimination differences between briefly presented visual quantities as low as a ratio of 1.

Electrophysiological individual face adaptation effects with fast periodic visual stimulation resist long interruptions in adaptation.

This study used fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether the reduction of face adaptation effects over time is due to the introduction of a novel stimulus. In adapting sequences, one individual face was presented at a rate of 6 Hz over 60 s. In testing sequences this adapted face was alternated with a novel individual face at the same rate for 20 s, so that face identity was repeated at a frequency of 3 Hz (i.

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics identifies phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident heart failure hospitalisation: results from PROSPER and FINRISK 1997.

Aims: We investigated the association between quantified metabolite, lipid and lipoprotein measures and incident heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) in the elderly, and examined whether circulating metabolic measures improve HFH prediction.

Methods And Results: Overall, 80 metabolic measures from the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) trial were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 5341; 182 HFH events during 2.7-year follow-up).

EEG Frequency-Tagging and Input-Output Comparison in Rhythm Perception.

The combination of frequency-tagging with electroencephalography (EEG) has recently proved fruitful for understanding the perception of beat and meter in musical rhythm, a common behavior shared by humans of all cultures. EEG frequency-tagging allows the objective measurement of input-output transforms to investigate beat perception, its modulation by exogenous and endogenous factors, development, and neural basis. Recent doubt has been raised about the validity of comparing frequency-domain representations of auditory rhythmic stimuli and corresponding EEG responses, assuming that it implies a one-to-one mapping between the envelope of the rhythmic input and the neural output, and that it neglects the sensitivity of frequency-domain representations to acoustic features making up the rhythms.

What is antimicrobial stewardship?

Background: The use of the term 'antimicrobial stewardship' has grown exponentially in recent years, typically referring to programmes and interventions that aim to optimize antimicrobial use. Although antimicrobial stewardship originated within human healthcare, it is increasingly applied in broader contexts including animal health and One Health. As the use of the term 'antimicrobial stewardship' becomes more common, it is important to consider what antimicrobial stewardship is, as well as what it is not.