Topography of Emotions in Cerebellum as Appraised by Functional Imaging.

Emotions induce complex patterns of cerebellar activity likely reflecting specific cerebellar modulation and multidimensional integration of the emotional experience, based on context-specific dynamic recruitment of limbic, cognitive, mnesic, and sensorimotor cortico-cerebellar loops. Meta-analyses have reported constant recruitment of lobules VI-VII during basic emotions. Activation of rostral lobules II-VI and lobule VIII may be preferentially in relation to motor responses, whereas rostral and caudal vermal activation may be linked to autonomic regulation and associative learning in conjunction with amygdala.

Orbital in juries in wartime: Historical study from Paul Tessier's work in Iran.

Introduction: Paul Tessier was a leading French oculoplastic surgeon who took part in several surgical missions in Iran to manage victims of the Iraq-Iran conflict in the late 1980's and early 1990's.

Methods: We collected the records of 322 patients who underwent surgical procedures for the management of wartime injuries by Paul Tessier's team in Iran from 1990 to 1993. We also report one of the most representative cases of orbital reconstruction performed by Tessier.

Long-Term Results and Refractive Error After Cataract Surgery With a Scleral Incision in Eyes With Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Purpose: Phacoemulsification in eyes with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is associated with possible decreased graft survival and difficult IOL power calculation. We assessed cataract surgery in eyes with previous DALK.

Methods: Thirty-three consecutive eyes with DALK and further phacoemulsification with scleral incision were included in this retrospective study.

Functional Connectivity of the Cognitive Cerebellum.

Anatomical tracing, human clinical data, and stimulation functional imaging have firmly established the major role of the (neo-)cerebellum in cognition and emotion. Telencephalization characterized by the great expansion of associative cortices, especially the prefrontal one, has been associated with parallel expansion of the neocerebellar cortex, especially the lobule VII, and by an increased number of interconnections between these two cortical structures. These anatomical modifications underlie the implication of the neocerebellum in cognitive control of complex motor and non-motor tasks.

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation reconfigurates static and dynamic functional connectivity of the resting-state networks.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the cerebellum dynamically modulates cerebello-thalamo-cortical excitability in a polarity-specific manner during motor, visuo- motor and cognitive tasks. It remains to be established whether tDCS of the cerebellum impact also on resting-state intrinsically connected networks (ICNs). Such impact would open novel research and therapeutical doors for the neuromodulation of ICNs in human.

Tocilizumab versus Rituximab in Patients with Moderate to Severe Steroid-resistant Graves' Orbitopathy.

Introduction: To describe the efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy resistant or dependent to steroids and compare to rituximab treated patients.

Patients And Methods: Graves's orbitopathy response was considered as decrease of at least 2 points of the CAS.

Results: Twenty-one patients were included, 7 patients were treated with tocilizumab and 14 with rituximab.

Corneal stromal stem cells restore transparency after N injury in mice.

Corneal scarring associated with various corneal conditions is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that corneal stromal stem cells have a therapeutic effect and are able to restore the extracellular matrix organization and corneal transparency in vivo. We first developed a mouse model of corneal stromal scar induced by liquid nitrogen (N ) application.

Multimodal Imaging Features of Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy.

Objective: To describe the multimodal imaging of Schnyder corneal dystrophy.

Methods: Seven eyes of seven patients (5 female and 2 male patients) aged 52 to 92 years were included in this prospective observational study. Diagnosis of SCD was confirmed by histology after keratoplasty.

Long-Term Results of Cultured Limbal Stem Cell Versus Limbal Tissue Transplantation in Stage III Limbal Deficiency.

We aimed to evaluate efficiency and safety of transplantation of limbal stem cells (LSC) cultured on human amniotic membrane with no feeders and to compare cultured LSC with limbal tissue transplantation. Thirty eyes with stage III LSC deficiency were treated with autologous (autoLSC) or allogeneic (alloLSC) cultured LSC transplantation (prospective phase II clinical trial; average follow-up time, 72 months) or autologous (autoLT) or allogeneic (alloLT) limbal tissue transplantation (retrospective control group; average follow-up time, 132 months) between 1993 and 2014. The 5-year graft survival defined by absence of recurrence of the clinical signs of limbal deficiency was 71% for autoLSC, 0% for alloLSC, 75% for autoLT, and 33% for alloLT.

Risk assessment of sudden visual loss following non-penetrating deep sclerectomy in severe and end-stage glaucoma.

Background/objectives: To assess the risk of immediate sudden visual loss ("wipe-out" phenomenon) following non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) for end-stages glaucoma within the first 6-months postoperative period.

Subjects/methods: Monocenter database study. We reviewed the results for 73 eyes with severe or end-stage glaucoma that underwent NPDS.

Predictive Factors for Successful Type 1 Big Bubble during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty.

Objective: Big bubble (BB)-deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) has become the reference transplantation technique for corneal stromal disorders. Type 1 BB is the desired aspect but it is not constant. We aimed to determine the predictive factors of type 1 BB success.

[Late and sustained intraocular pressure elevation related to intravitreal anti-VEGF injections: Cases requiring filtering surgery (French translation of the article)].

We report cases of delayed, sustained elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (IVI), which ultimately resulted in the need for filtering surgery. Two of the three cases demonstrated severe IOP elevation despite maximal medical treatment following unilateral IVI and required urgent filtering surgery. Optic nerve involvement was severe in all three cases.

[Not Available].

We report cases of delayed, sustained elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (IVI), which ultimately resulted in the need for filtering surgery. Two of the three cases demonstrated severe IOP elevation despite maximal medical treatment following unilateral IVI and required urgent filtering surgery. Optic nerve involvement was severe in all three cases.

Assessment of Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To determine in vivo confocal microscopy diagnostic criteria to diagnose Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the reference diagnostic technique.

Design: Retrospective case-control study. Data were recorded prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.

Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Emotion.

Over the past three decades, insights into the role of the cerebellum in emotional processing have substantially increased. Indeed, methodological refinements in cerebellar lesion studies and major technological advancements in the field of neuroscience are in particular responsible to an exponential growth of knowledge on the topic. It is timely to review the available data and to critically evaluate the current status of the role of the cerebellum in emotion and related domains.