Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in amblyopic children treated with occlusion therapy.

: To study and evaluate the change in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness and its clinical correlation with visual outcome following amblyopia therapy. : In this prospective interventional study, children with moderate to severe amblyopia were given optical correction and part-time occlusion therapy. Visual assessment and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at days 0 and 3, 6 months of follow-up.

Possible viral agents to consider in the differential diagnosis of blepharoconjunctivitis.

Background: Blepharoconjunctivitis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiology, including viral infections. Blepharoconjunctivits can be acute or chronic, self-limiting, or needing medical therapy.

Aim: To review possible viral agents crucial for accurate differential diagnosis in cases of blepharoconjunctivitis.

New frontiers in retinal transplantation.

New frontiers about retinal cell transplantation for retinal degenerative diseases start from the idea that acting on stem cells can help regenerate retinal layers and establish new synapses among retinal cells. Deficiency or alterations of synaptic input and neurotrophic factors result in trans-neuronal degeneration of the inner retinal cells. Thus, the disruption of photoreceptors takes place.

Visual outcomes and complications after phacoemulsification and small incision manual cataract surgery in two eye hospitals.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the visual outcomes and complications of cataract surgery in two referral eye hospitals in southern Nigeria.

Methods: Case records of patients who underwent elective cataract surgery at two referral eye hospitals from February 2017-2022 were collected retrospectively. Demographics, preoperative visual acuity (VA), anterior and posterior segment details, intraoperative and postoperative complications, VA at day 1, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively were analyzed.

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: Clinical Applications in Enhancing Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

Chronic wounds and non-healing tissue defects pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. A comprehensive literature review of amniotic membrane transplantation for wound healing and tissue repair evaluates the efficacy and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation in enhancing wound healing and tissue repair. Amniotic membranes promote wound closure and reduce inflammation and scarring via abundant growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, which foster conducive environments for tissue regeneration.

Management of ectopia lentis in children.

The medical management of ectopia lentis involves refractive correction as well as co-management of any associated systemic disease. Surgical management remains a challenge, as inherent defects in the lens capsule make implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) difficult. Multiple visual rehabilitative measures are available such as aphakic contact lenses or spectacles, capsular bag fixation with implantation of in-the-bag IOL, iris-fixated, and scleral-fixated IOL.

Quality of life of Retinoblastoma survivors in tertiary care eye hospital in South India.

Purpose: With the increased survival of retinoblastoma (RB) patients, it is important to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of RB survivors as well as caregivers to provide comprehensive care to the children and caregivers. This study aims to assess the QoL of survivors of RB, as perceived by parents and the self-report by patients, through a pediatric QoL (PEDs-QoL) questionnaire.

Methods: The study cohort included 86 RB survivors, 86 age-matched controls, and their primary carers.

Retinoscopes: Past and present.

Background: Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive errors. Advantages of retinoscopy include its non-invasive nature, ability to assess patients of all ages, and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication skills.

Aim: To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the subject.

Primary implantation of glaucoma drainage device in secondary glaucoma: Comparison of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant versus Ahmed glaucoma valve.

Glaucoma drainage devices are invaluable in the management of secondary/ refractory glaucomas. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant (AADI) and the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) in filtration-surgery-naïve secondary glaucoma eyes. For this purpose, a retrospective, comparative review was conducted on patients with secondary glaucoma (open and closed) who underwent primary tube procedures, either AADI or AGV.

A 10/14 French silicone urinary catheter with inflatable balloon used as novel expansion device in lid reconstruction surgery.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique using a 10/14 French silicone urinary catheter as a novel tissue expander for repair of defects after removal of eyelid tumors. This device recruits additional tissue by tissue expansion for repair of large eyelid defects.

Methods: A prospective noncomparative, interventional case study was conducted over a period of 3 years in which 30 patients were enrolled.

Analysis of sociodemographic profile of glaucoma patients with risk factors, subtypes, and disease severity in a tertiary eye care facility in Northern India.

Purpose: To study the different subtypes of glaucoma and to analyze the demographic and clinical profile of glaucoma patients along with associated risk factors in a multi-locational North Indian study.

Methods: Newly diagnosed and known glaucoma patients on treatment were enrolled in the study. Complete history was taken, and clinical evaluation was done by senior glaucoma experts.

Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group.

Context: Concerns about brolucizumab's (Pagenax®) association with intraocular inflammation (IOI) limit its use despite its cost-effectiveness and efficacy. This multicentric study analyzes IOI incidence across 21 tertiary eyecare centers in India since its introduction in October 2020.

Purpose: To determine the real-world incidence rate of IOI in Indian patients secondary to intravitreal brolucizumab across 21 tertiary eye care centers in India.

Visual Outcomes in Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy Cases: A Clinical and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Objective The objective is to correlate visual outcomes in malignant hypertensive retinopathy with changes in systemic causative factors and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) morphologic parameters. Materials and methods This is a prospective observational study including patients presenting within two weeks of acute rise of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 120 mm Hg and with posterior segment involvement in both eyes. Baseline SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and SD OCT parameters such as central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and sub-retinal fluid (SRF) height were measured at presentation and followed monthly up to three months.

Fat management in upper blepharoplasty: Addition or subtraction blepharoplasties, how and when.

Background: As one of the most common aesthetic surgical procedures carried out today, blepharoplasty should be in the repertoire of every plastic surgeon. The term blepharoplasty encompasses a wide range of techniques and options that must be tailored to the specific defect and patient one has to treat. A sound knowledge of the upper and lower eyelids' anatomy is essential for proper surgical execution.

From Eye Care to Hair Growth: Bimatoprost.

Background: Bimatoprost has emerged as a significant medication in the field of medicine over the past several decades, with diverse applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and beyond. Originally developed as an ocular hypotensive agent, it has proven highly effective in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Its ability to reduce intraocular pressure has established it as a first-line treatment option, improving management and preventing vision loss.

Intravitreal Topotecan for Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma: A Long-term Review of 91 Eyes.

Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy of intravitreal topotecan (IVT) for vitreous seeds in eyes with retinoblastoma and risk factors for their recurrence.

Design: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional study.

Participants: Ninety-one eyes of 90 patients with retinoblastoma treated between January 2013 and April 2019.

Young adults with vision impairment in India: Loneliness and social networks.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in young adults with vision impairment (VI), including quality of life (QoL) in India.

Methods: Two hundred and three VI young adults (18-35 years) and 219 age-matched non-VI (controls) adults completed the loneliness scale, WHOQOL-BREF, Social Network Index (SNI) (network diversity, people in network size and number of embedded network subscales) and questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and independent mobility. Rasch analysis was used to validate the questionnaires and interval-level scores were generated.