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Testosterone levels of free-ranging resident mantled howler monkey males in relation to the number and density of solitary males: a test of the challenge hypothesis.
Horm Behav
February 2006
Centre Especial de Recerca en Primats (CERP), Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The challenge hypothesis links testosterone and aggression in male animals, particularly during competition for mating opportunities.
- The study on mantled howler monkeys in Mexico indicates that resident males increase testosterone levels in response to solitary males, viewing them as threats to their reproductive success.
- The findings suggest that while resident males have some access to mates, the arrival of new males could harm their reproductive success, and consistently high testosterone levels might negatively impact the fitness of these groups living in dense populations.