An α7 nicotinic and GABA receptor-mediated pathway controls acetylcholine release in the tripartite neuromuscular junction.

Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) are capable of regulating acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have identified GABA as a gliotransmitter at mouse NMJs. When ACh activates α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChRs) on TSCs, GABA is released and activates GABA receptors on the nerve terminal that subsequently reduce ACh release.

Intracortical myelin across laminae in adult individuals with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.

47,XXX (Triple X syndrome) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by the presence of a supernumerary X chromosome in affected females and is associated with a variable cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric phenotype. The effect of a supernumerary X chromosome in affected females on intracortical microstructure is currently unknown. Therefore, we conducted 7 Tesla structural MRI and compared T1 (ms), as a proxy for intracortical myelin (ICM), across laminae of 21 adult women with 47,XXX and 22 age-matched typically developing females using laminar analyses.

[Revue des effets de l'institutionnalisation sur le développement de la dépression chez les personnes âgées résidant en maison de retraite].

Depression is a prevalent mental health issue among elderly people residing in nursing homes, with significant implications for quality of life. From an initial pool of 175 articles, seven met the inclusion criteria, including four longitudinal studies, two controlled trials, and one systematic review. The findings indicate mixed outcomes regarding the impact of institutionalization on the trajectory of depression, underlining the complexity of its support.

Polysomnography findings and respiratory muscle function in infants with early onset spinal muscular atrophy after gene replacement as monotherapy: A prospective study.

Background: Gene replacement therapy (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is associated with an improvement of the prognosis of children with spinal muscular atrophy, but information on long-term respiratory outcome is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the polysomnography findings and respiratory muscle function of infants with treatment-naive spinal muscular atrophy type 1 and 2 up to 24 months after onasemnogene abeparvovec monotherapy.

Methods: A clinical and motor evaluation, respiratory muscle function testing, and polysomnography were performed repeatedly.

White matter tracts and executive functions: a review of causal and correlation evidence.

Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes involving abilities such as working memory/updating, set-shifting and inhibition. These complex cognitive functions are enabled by interactions among widely distributed cognitive networks, supported by white matter tracts. Executive impairment is frequent in neurological conditions affecting white matter; however, whether specific tracts are crucial for normal executive functions is unclear.

Arterial Spin-Labeling in the Assessment of Pediatric Nontraumatic Orbital Lesions.

Benign and malignant pediatric orbital lesions can sometimes have overlapping features on conventional MR imaging sequences. MR imaging of 27 children was retrospectively reviewed to describe the signal of some common pediatric extraocular orbital lesions on arterial spin-labeling and to evaluate whether this sequence helps to discriminate malignant from benign masses, with or without ADC value measurements. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of arterial spin-labeling CBF and ADC were performed.

A new score combining compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and motor score is predictive of motor outcome after AVXS-101 (Onasemnogene Abeparvovec) SMA therapy.

Spinal muscular atrophy 1 (SMA1) is a severe early genetic disease with degeneration of motor neurons. Motor development is still suboptimal after gene replacement therapy in symptomatic patients. In this study, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes were explored as predictors of motor recovery after gene therapy.

[Response of the intensive care unit of a French military teaching hospital to the 1st COVID-19 wave].

In March 2020, the intensive care unit of the French military teaching hospital Bégin (Saint-Mandé) had to make profound changes to deal with the first COVID-19 epidemic wave. First, the twelve beds of the intensive care unit (ICU) were allocated to COVID-19 patients, among them four beds usually dedicated to postoperative care. Then, on the model of the military medical-surgical facilities rolled out in external operations, a new transient intensive care unit was set up in Bégin within four days.

Reply to "Describing center of pressure movement in stabilometry by ellipse area approximation" from Agnieszka Gołąb concerning the paper "A Review of Center of Pressure (COP) Variables to Quantify Standing Balance in Elderly People: Algorithms and Open Access Code".

Letter to the Editor concerning "Describing center of pressure movement in stabilometry by ellipse area approximation" from Agnieszka Gołąb.

Cholinesterases in Tripartite Neuromuscular Synapse.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a tripartite synapse in which not only presynaptic and post-synaptic cells participate in synaptic transmission, but also terminal Schwann cells (TSC). Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter that mediates the signal between the motor neuron and the muscle but also between the motor neuron and TSC. ACh action is terminated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anchored by collagen Q (ColQ) in the basal lamina of NMJs.

Geometrical analysis of motion schemes on fencing experts from competition videos.

Geometrical fencing is a scientific approach to fencing pioneered by Camillo Agrippa in the XVIth century which consists of characterizing the geometrical structure of fencing movements. Many geometrical spaces are involved in a duel, which evolve over time according to the skills of the fencers and the game rules. In this article, the concept of motion scheme is introduced as a flexible geometrical structure to represent fencing spaces evolving over time.

A review of center of pressure (COP) variables to quantify standing balance in elderly people: Algorithms and open-access code.

Postural control is often quantified by recording the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP)-also called stabilogram-during human quiet standing. This quantification has many important applications, such as the early detection of balance degradation to prevent falls, a crucial task whose relevance increases with the aging of the population. Due to the complexity of the quantification process, the analyses of sway patterns have been performed empirically using a number of variables, such as ellipse confidence area or mean velocity.

Postadychute-AG, Detection, and Prevention of the Risk of Falling Among Elderly People in Nursing Homes: Protocol of a Multicentre and Prospective Intervention Study.

While falls among the elderly is a public health issue, because of the social, medical, and economic burden they represent, the tools to predict falls are limited. Posturography has been developed to distinguish fallers from non-fallers, however, there is too little data to show how predictions change as older adults' physical abilities improve. The Postadychute-AG clinical trial aims to evaluate the evolution of posturographic parameters in relation to the improvement of balance through adapted physical activity (APA) programs.

Center of pressure displacement characteristics differentiate fall risk in older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Falling is the second most prevalent cause of accidental death in the world. Currently available clinical tests to assess balance in older people are insufficiently sensitive to screen for fall risk in this population. Laboratory tests that record the center of pressure (COP) trajectory could overcome this problem but despite their widespread use, the choice of COP trajectory features for use as a biomarker of fall risk lacks consensus.