Intriguing magnetic and electronic behaviors in La and Ru doped Sr2IrO4.

We report a detailed experimental study of the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La and Ru doped (Sr1-x Lax)2Ir1-xRuxO4 (x= 0.05, 0.15).

Land use land cover change as a casual factor for climate variability and trends in the Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia.

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are crucial in influencing regional climate patterns and environmental dynamics. However, the long-term impacts of these changes on climate variability in the Bilate River Basin remain poorly understood. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in LULC and their influence on climate variability in the Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia, over the period from 1994 to 2024.

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid inhibits the virulence attributes and disrupts biofilm production in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Purpose: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an emerging global public health threat owing to its ability to form biofilms. Here, we evaluated 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA), a promising organic compound, for its ability to disrupt biofilm formation and virulence attributes in clinical isolates of A.

Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women with disabilities in Ethiopia: from the social model of disability perspective.

Background: In low-income countries, women with disabilities face numerous challenges in accessing sexual and reproductive health services and experience high unintended pregnancy rates and adverse pregnancy outcomes, with 42% of cases ending in abortion. However, little is known about unintended pregnancy among women with disabilities in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among women with disabilities in the Central Regional State of Ethiopia.

Role of species in pathogenesis, immune regulation, and prognostic tools for managing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

The gut microbiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While research has focused on the bacterial microbiome, recent studies have shifted towards host genetics and host-fungal interactions. The mycobiota is a vital component of the gastrointestinal microbial community and plays a significant role in immune regulation.

Photo-responsive organogelator based on cholesterol incorporated sugar-azobenzene derivatives.

In this report, the design and synthesis of cholesterol-based sugar azobenzene derivatives as photo-responsive organogelators have been carried out. The gel formation in different solvents was examined, and a minimum CGC of 0.5 % (w/v) was attained in toluene.

Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cell Components for Innovative Photovoltaics.

This article reviews the latest advancements in perovskite solar cell (PSC) components for innovative photovoltaic applications. Perovskite materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation solar cells due to their exceptional light-absorbing capabilities and facile fabrication processes. However, limitations in their stability, scalability, and efficiency have hindered their widespread adoption.

Asymmetric synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-pyrrolidine]-indolinedione bifunctional urea catalyzed [3 + 2]-annulation.

In this study, we unveil a highly enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation protocol, adept at merging -2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines with 3-alkylidene benzofuranones under quinine-derived urea catalysis. This strategy furnishes complex spiro[benzofuran-pyrrolidine]indolinedione architectures, featuring strategically positioned trifluoromethyl groups of considerable pharmacological significance. The method distinguishes itself by employing minimal catalyst loadings while ensuring energy efficiency and accommodating a broad spectrum of substrates, resulting in excellent yields and exceptional stereocontrol (38 examples, up to 98% yield, up to >20 : 1 dr, and up to 99 : 1 er).

Exploring the potential of malononitrile functionalized donor-acceptor systems for non-volatile memory device applications.

A novel series of D-bridge-A type organic small molecules has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for non-volatile resistive switching write-once read-many (WORM) memory application. This study explores structure-property relationships by coupling electron-deficient malononitrile units with donors such as dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, and triphenylamine. Photophysical investigations revealed significant intramolecular charge transfer interaction, while electrochemical analyses demonstrated optimal band gaps ranging from 2.

Land use land cover change as a casual factor for climate variability and trends in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia.

Climate change and land use dynamics are critical issues facing many regions worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and their impact on climate variability in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia, from 1994 to 2024. Utilizing multispectral satellite imagery from Landsat 5, 7, and 8, along with meteorological data from five weather stations, LULC classification was performed using the Random Forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform.

Attrition in serum anti-DENV antibodies correlates with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and low DENV positivity in mosquito vectors-Findings from a state-wide cluster-randomized community-based study in Tamil Nadu, India.

The decline in dengue incidence and/or prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) appears to be attributed to reduced treatment-seeking rates, under-reporting, misdiagnosis, disrupted health services and reduced exposure to mosquito vectors due to prevailing lockdowns. There is limited scientific data on dengue virus (DENV) disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional, cluster-randomized survey to assess anti-DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and also estimated the spatial distribution of DENV-positive aedine mosquito vectors during the COVID-19 pandemic across all the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

Relative fitness of wild-type and phage-resistant pyomelanogenic and effects of combinatorial therapy on resistant formation.

Bacteriophages, the natural predators of bacteria, are incredibly potent candidates to counteract antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the rapid development of phage-resistant mutants challenges the potential of phage therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial adaptations to phage predation is crucial for phage-based prognostic applications.

Selenium ameliorates oxidized phospholipid-mediated testicular dysfunction and epididymal sperm abnormalities following Bisphenol A exposure in adult Wistar rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound extensively utilized in the production of polycarbonate polymers and epoxy resins that, upon exposure, pose a significant threat to male reproductive health because of its estrogenic properties. Accumulating evidence suggests that BPA exposure disrupts the normal process of spermatogenesis, alters testicular morphology and function, and interferes with testicular steroidogenesis and hormonal signaling. However, the precise mechanism by which BPA affects testicular function remains unclear.

Unraveling the enigma: chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology and its causative factors with a specific focus on dissolved organic compounds in groundwater-reviews and future prospects.

Chronic kidney disease is globally recognized as a highly impactful non-communicable disease. The inability of early identification contributes to its high mortality rate and financial burden on affected individuals. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) constitutes a significant global public health concern.

Empirical insights into India's energy demand: unveiling elasticity dynamics for strategic policy initiatives.

Policymakers and stakeholders can use insights from price elasticity and income elasticities of energy demand to devise targeted interventions that promote energy efficiency, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and drive the transition to more sustainable and resilient energy systems. This study seeks to examine how changes in income elasticity and price elasticity affect energy consumption over time using the ARDL model and a time-varying parameter technique, state-space Kalman filter. The study's findings reveal that energy prices have a negative and significant impact on energy consumption, whereas GDP per capita and population growth have a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in both the short and long run.

Unraveling the interplay of kinesin-1, tau, and microtubules in neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the gradual and age-related deterioration of nerve cells in the central nervous system. The histopathological features observed in the brain affected by AD are the aberrant buildup of extracellular and intracellular amyloid-β and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Axonal transport is a fundamental process for cargo movement along axons and relies on molecular motors like kinesins and dyneins.

Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout: Insights and therapeutic strategies.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid (UA) in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney disease. The gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy people. This article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this disorder.

Pharmacokinetic predictions of ROS-mediated targets and genotoxin combinations via multiple ligand simultaneous docking and ROS evaluation in vitro using HepG2 cell lines.

Although combination therapy is known for its high efficacy, reduced side effects and drug resistance, toxicity remains a major drawback. Some of the genes are likely to induce hepatotoxicity through ROS-mediated mechanisms when a drug is metabolized alone or in combination in the liver. To address this, we have developed a scientific approach to predict the toxicity of different genotoxin combinations and validate their interactions with various targets.

Factors associated with under-five mortality in Scheduled Tribes in India: An analysis of national family health survey-5 (2019-2021).

Background & objectives Under-five mortality is high among the Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India compared with the general population. This study examined the association of different maternal, child, socio demographic, and household factors associated with under-five mortality among Scheduled Tribes in India. Methods Data from the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS)-5 (2019-2021) for the ST, across all Indian States and Union Territories were used for analyses.