Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genetic Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Positive Enterobacterales Clinical Isolates in Central Poland.

The extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESβLs) are bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The prevalence of ESβL is increasing among clinically significant microorganisms worldwide, drastically reducing the therapeutic management of infectious diseases. The study aimed to determine the drug susceptibility of ESβL-positive clinical isolates acquired from patients hospitalized in Lodz, central Poland, and analyze the prevalence of specific genes, determining acquired resistance in these bacteria.

Cefiderocol - An effective antimicrobial for MDR infections but a challenge for routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Purpose: Cefiderocol is a novel cephalosporin-siderophore conjugate antibiotic that holds promise to thwart infections caused by multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Its antibacterial activity against normally susceptible species is not affected by most β-lactamases, including metallo-β-lactamases. Due to the siderophore-mediated entry into the cell, the activity of cefiderocol is less affected by porin loss or active efflux resistance than many other β-lactam antibiotics.

Interferon-γ Release Assay in the Assessment of Cellular Immunity-A Single-Centre Experience with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

: As the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains one of the main causes of severe respiratory system infections, the Food and Drug Administration strongly advises the continuation of current vaccination programs, including the distribution of updated boosters, especially in high-risk groups of patients. Therefore, there is an unceasing need for further research on the safety and, no less importantly, the clinical effectivity of the vaccines, with an extra focus on cohorts of patients with underlying health problems. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in possibly immunocompromised children with rheumatic disease while utilizing the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) as a marker for COVID-19 immunity in the study follow-up.

Aztreonam Combinations with Avibactam, Relebactam, and Vaborbactam as Treatment for New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Infections-In Vitro Susceptibility Testing.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health issue. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), in particular, are problematic because they can inactivate all classes of β-lactams except aztreonam. Unfortunately, the latter may be simultaneously inactivated by serine β-lactamases.

Analysis of Cumulative Antibiogram Reports in Search for Optimal Empirical Urinary Tract Infection Treatment at the Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Results of a 3-Year Surveillance.

Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections, accounting for about two-fifths of all healthcare-associated infections. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial, e.g.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Catalase (CAT) Level, CT Genotypes and the T Allele of the -262 C/T Polymorphism.

Background: It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that an insufficient antioxidant defense system composed of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and nonenzymatic molecules, is a key factor triggering oxidative damage in the progression of liver disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether the level of CAT and -262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter of (rs1001179) are associated with NAFLD.

Nitrofuran Derivatives Cross-Resistance Evidence-Uropathogenic Nitrofurantoin and Furazidin In Vitro Susceptibility Testing.

The treatment of urinary tract infections is usually empirical. For example, nitrofuran derivatives, mainly nitrofurantoin (but also furazidin), are used in Eastern Europe. A significant problem is the assessment of the usefulness of furazidin, as there are no standards for susceptibility testing.

In Vitro Activity of Eravacycline against Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli Clinical Isolates in Central Poland.

Eravacycline is a novel antibiotic of the tetracycline class with activity against a broad spectrum of clinically significant bacteria, including multi-drug-resistant organisms. For this reason, it may be an alternative to treating critical infections of this etiology. We aimed to assess the in vitro effectiveness of eravacycline to carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates identified in hospitals in Łódź, Poland.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-The Chicken or the Egg Dilemma.

In clinical practice, we often deal with patients who suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) concurrent with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The etiopathogenesis of NAFLD is mainly connected with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. Similarly, the latter patients are in the process of developing T2DM.

Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clarity or Mystery? A Broader Perspective in the Third Year of a Worldwide Pandemic.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its mechanisms have been thoroughly studied by researchers all over the world with the hope of finding answers that may aid the discovery of new treatment options or effective means of prevention. Still, over 2 years into the pandemic that is an immense burden on health care and economic systems, there seem to be more questions than answers. The character and multitude of immune responses elicited in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary from uncontrollable activation of the inflammatory system, causing extensive tissue damage and consequently leading to severe or even fatal disease, to mild or asymptomatic infections in the majority of patients, resulting in the unpredictability of the current pandemic.

Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Fermenting and Non-Fermenting Rods Isolated from Hospital Patients in Poland-What Are They Susceptible to?

Gram-negative fermenting and non-fermenting bacteria are important etiological factors of nosocomial and community infections, especially those that produce carbapenemases. , and are the most frequently-detected carbapenemase-producing microorganisms. The predominant type of resistance is metallo-β-lactamase (MBL).

Irisin Is Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Irisin is a cytokine involved in many metabolic pathways occurring, among others, in muscles, adipose tissue and liver. Thus, fluctuations in irisin levels are suggested to be related to metabolic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether irisin may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

The effect of vitamin D3 and thyroid hormones on the capillaroscopy-confirmed microangiopathy in pediatric patients with a suspicion of systemic connective tissue disease-a single-center experience with Raynaud phenomenon.

Raynaud phenomenon (RP) may be the first manifestation of a systemic connective tissue disease (SCTD). Early detection of dysfunction of small vessels called microangiopathy is essential for the diagnostic process. The focus of this single-center, retrospective study was to investigate the potential dependencies between microvascular image and laboratory markers measured in children with RP.

The Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Parameters and Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Depression Depending on Metabolic Syndrome Comorbidity-PRO-DEMET Randomized Study Protocol.

There is a huge need to search for new treatment options and potential biomarkers of therapeutic response to antidepressant treatment. Depression and metabolic syndrome often coexist, while a pathophysiological overlap, including microbiota changes, may play a role. The paper presents a study protocol that aims to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, metabolic parameters, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, as well as fecal microbiota in adult patients with depressive disorders depending on the co-occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

The Current and Potential Therapeutic Use of Metformin-The Good Old Drug.

Metformin, one of the oldest oral antidiabetic agents and still recommended by almost all current guidelines as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become the medication with steadily increasing potential therapeutic indications. A broad spectrum of experimental and clinical studies showed that metformin has a pleiotropic activity and favorable effect in different pathological conditions, including prediabetes, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Moreover, there are numerous studies, meta-analyses and population studies indicating that metformin is safe and well tolerated and may be associated with cardioprotective and nephroprotective effect.

The Phenotype of Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Poor Sleep Quality.

Background: Sleep disturbances are a common problem among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to identify the phenotype of T2DM patients with poor sleep quality.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2013 and August 2015.