[Unspecified encephalitis in HIV-infected patients: clinical and postmortem evaluation].

Background: The search for an aetiology of central nervous system (CNS) lesions In HIV patients can be extremely challenging.

Aim: To establish the nature and character of CNS lesion according to the data of pathological examination of deceased HIV-patients who had an antemortem clinical diagnosis of unspecified encephalitis.

Materials And Methods: We analysed clinical and laboratory data of 225 HIV-patients admitted to the ICU at the Infectious Clinical Hospital №2 (Moscow, 2018).

Chronic Kidney Disease and Nephrology Care in People Living with HIV in Central/Eastern Europe and Neighbouring Countries-Cross-Sectional Analysis from the ECEE Network.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Central and East Europe (CEE) region consists of countries with highly diversified HIV epidemics, health care systems and socioeconomic status. The aim of the present study was to describe variations in CKD burden and care between countries.

HIV treatment strategies across Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe: New times, old problems.

Introduction: In the last decade, substantial differences in the epidemiology of, antiretroviral therapy (ART) for, cascade of care in and support to people with HIV in vulnerable populations have been observed between countries in Western Europe, Central Europe (CE) and Eastern Europe (EE). The aim of this study was to use a survey to explore whether ART availability and therapies have evolved in CE and EE according to European guidelines.

Methods: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group conducted two identical multicentre cross-sectional online surveys in 2019 and 2021 concerning the availability and use of antiretroviral drugs (boosted protease inhibitors [bPIs], integrase inhibitors [INSTIs] and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs]), the introduction of a rapid ART start strategy and the use of two-drug regimens (2DRs) for starting or switching ART.

Factors leading to dissemination of cutaneous anthrax: an international ID-IRI study.

Background: Although anthrax is a rare zoonotic infection, it still causes significant mortality and morbidity. In this multicenter study, which is the largest anthrax case series ever reported, we aimed to describe the factors leading to dissemination of cutaneous anthrax.

Methods: Adult patients with cutaneous anthrax from 16 referral centers were pooled.

Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Genome.

Members of the jingmenviruses group have been found in arthropods and mammals on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Two viruses of this group were isolated from patients with fever after a tick bite. Using a nested RT-PCR assay targeting a jingmenvirus polymerase gene fragment, we screened ticks collected in seven regions of Russia and found that the abundant jingmenvirus-positive were of species, with the prevalence ranging from 19.

Safety and efficacy of bulevirtide in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus coinfection (MYR202): a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Bulevirtide is a first-in-class peptidic entry inhibitor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus infection. In July, 2020, bulevirtide 2 mg received conditional marketing authorisation by the European Medical Agency for treatment of chronic hepatitis D virus infection. We investigated the antiviral activity of bulevirtide in patients chronically infected with HBV and hepatitis D virus.

[Characteristics of imported cases of Dengue fever and hemorrhagic Dengue fever in 2009-2019].

Introduction: In Russia, the approved morbidity statistics system is represented by the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10). This classification provides two forms of dengue fever (DF): dengue fever (A90) and hemorrhagic dengue (A91). Official statistics on the ratio of forms of DF is not published in open sources and this lack of information about the real ratio of the forms of DF makes it difficult to objectively assess the factors that determine the severity of this disease.

COVID-19 Epidemiology and Diagnosis: Monitoring Evolutionary Changes in the SARS-COV-2 Virus.

This article presents the results of scientific research on the epidemiological features of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and the molecular genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 virus genovariants, based on the experience of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor).

Whole-Genome Analysis of Isolates from Ready-to-Eat Food in Russia.

This study provides a thorough investigation of a diverse set of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) isolates collected from a broad range of ready-to-eat (RTE) food in various geographic regions of Russia ranging from Pskov to Kamchatka. Thirty-five isolates were characterized using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis in terms of clonal structure, the presence of resistance and virulence determinants, as well as plasmid replicon sequences and CRISPR/Cas systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first WGS-based surveillance of Russian RTE food-associated isolates.

The Management of HIV Care Services in Central and Eastern Europe: Data from the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging time for medical care, especially in the field of infectious diseases (ID), but it has also provided an opportunity to introduce new solutions in HIV management. Here, we investigated the changes in HIV service provision across Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group consists of experts in the field of ID from 24 countries within the CEE region.

Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Oryol Oblast, Russia.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia is growing, with approximately 100,000 people infected annually. Molecular epidemiology can provide insight into the structure and dynamics of the epidemic. However, its applicability in Russia is limited by the weakness of genetic surveillance, as viral genetic data are only available for <1 per cent of cases.

Performance of the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens -ML/FQ-Resist-FL, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations and prevalence of resistance mutations in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance in (MG) is a poorly surveyed and controlled global health concern. We evaluated the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens -ML/FQ-Resist-FL assay, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations (MRAMs and QRAMs, respectively) and estimated the prevalence of these mutations in MG in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Spectrum of Atazanavir-Selected Protease Inhibitor-Resistance Mutations.

Ritonavir-boosted atazanavir is an option for second-line therapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We analyzed publicly available HIV-1 protease sequences from previously PI-naïve patients with virological failure (VF) following treatment with atazanavir. Overall, 1497 patient sequences were identified, including 740 reported in 27 published studies and 757 from datasets assembled for this analysis.

A fatal case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Kursk Region, Russia, caused by a novel Puumala virus clade.

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is the most widespread natural-focal human disease in the Russian Federation. In this study, we report virological assessment of a fatal case of HFRS-PUUV (Puumala virus) in the Kursk Region. The infection caused severe multiorgan failure and the maximum viral load was detected in the tissue of the spleen.

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with tuberculosis and factors associated with the disease severity.

Background: Data on patients with COVID-19 who have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are limited. In this study, we compared the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19/TB and patients with COVID-19 only. In addition, we analyzed the links between the severity of COVID-19 disease and the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19/TB.

Molecular Epidemiology of Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and Problems of Health-Care Associated Infections.

The review describes virulence factors of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) including genes determining its virulence and discusses their role in the development of health-care associated infections. The contribution of individual virulence factors and their combination to the development of the hypervirulence and the prospects of using these factors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets are described.

Successful Silencing of the Mycotoxin Synthesis Gene in and Observation of Reduced Virulence in VIGS and SIGS Experiments.

Crops constantly experience various biotic stresses during their life cycle, and spp. remain one of the most serious groups of pathogens affecting plants. The ability to manipulate the expression of certain microorganism genes via RNAi creates the opportunity for new-generation dsRNA-based preparations to control a large number of diseases.

Genomic Characterization of Clinical Isolates Obtained from COVID-19 Patients in Russia.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected all realms of public healthcare and, in particular, has led to increasing use of various antibiotics to treat possible bacterial coinfections even in cases for which such infections were not confirmed clinically. This could lead to an increase in the fraction and severity of multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in healthcare facilities, especially in intensive care units (ICU). However, detailed epidemiological investigations, possibly including whole genome sequencing (WGS), are required to confirm the increase in antibiotic resistance and changes, if any, in the population and clonal structures of bacterial pathogens.

Analyzing central-line associated bloodstream infection prevention bundles in 22 countries: The results of ID-IRI survey.

Background: Because central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a significant complication of central venous access, it is critical to prevent CLABSIs through the use of central line bundles. The purpose of this study was to take a snapshot of central venous access bundles in various countries.

Methods: The participants in intensive care units (ICUs) completed a questionnaire that included information about the health center, infection control procedures, and central line maintenance.

The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy rate and its determinants among healthcare workers of 91 Countries: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate and its determinants among healthcare workers in a multicenter study. This was a cross-sectional multi-center survey conducted from February 5 to April 29, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items in 6 subscales.

Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in Eastern European and Central Asian countries.

Background: Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) is one of the regions where the HIV epidemic continues to grow at a concerning rate. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in EECA countries has significantly increased during the last decade, which can lead to an increase in the risk of emergence, transmission, and spread of HIV variants with drug resistance (DR) that cannot be controlled. Because HIV genotyping cannot be performed in these countries, data about HIV DR are limited or unavailable.

Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Russian Foodborne Multidrug-Resistant Infantis Isolates.

Non-typhoidal infections remain a significant public health problem worldwide. In this study, we present the first detailed genomic analysis report based on short-read (Illumina) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 45 multidrug-resistant (MDR) subsp. serotype Infantis isolates from poultry and meat product samples obtained in Russia during 2018-2020, and long-read (MinION) WGS of five more representative isolates.

A Complex of Pyrosequencing-Based Methods for Detection of Somatic Mutations in Codons 600 and 601 of the gene.

Unlabelled: is to develop methods for the differentiation of mutations in the codon 600 and to increase the sensitivity of the K601E mutation detection.

Materials And Methods: The nucleotide sequence of the codons 592-602 was identified using the PyroMark Q24 genetic analysis system. The mutations search in codon 600 was conducted using the 600-S primer in line with the following order of adding nucleotides: GCTGTCАTCTGCTAGCTAGAC (corresponding to nucleotides 1799-1786).

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pathogenic Bacteria-New Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Spreading.

In recent years, the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by both pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria has become a major problem worldwide, which was already noticed as a global healthcare threat by the World Health Organization [...