[Problems of poliomyelitis eradication].

The article is devoted to the problems of implementation of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The influence of the features of poliovirus infection and poliovirus vaccines on the course of the program, its successes and difficulties is considered, the issue of possibility of eradication this infection is discussed.

[Infant botulism: an underestimated problem. A review].

The article is devoted to a form of botulism that has been little studied in our country and is registered exclusively in infants. The fundamental difference between this form and the most common foodborne botulism is that infants become infected by ingestion of spores, followed by their germination, colonization of the intestines and production of botulinum toxin , which leads to the development of life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Taking into account the peculiarities of pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations of infant botulism have some features, which are discussed by the authors.

[Coagulase-negative staphylococci as a significant fact of generalization of infection in persons with a burdened comorbid background].

Since the era of the widespread introduction of antibiotics into the human sphere of activity, the problem of antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent and very important topic around the world. Recently, coagulasonegative staphylococci (CoNS), which are representatives of opportunistic microorganisms of the microbiome of the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people, have made a certain contribution to its progression. For a long time, they did not pose a threat to patients, but in recent decades among microorganisms they have been seeded in more than two-thirds of patients with postoperative mediastinitis, catheter-associated infections, as well as from wounds of the neck vessels and the inguinal region separated by pacemaker beds.

In search of pathogenic Leptospira species in Myotis and other vesper bats, Russia.

Various bat species worldwide have been identified as Leptospira carriers, especially in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the infection of Vespertilionidae bats by pathogenic Leptospira in north-west Russia. Out of 264 bats from 13 species, the urine of 24 specimens tested positive according to a polymerase chain reaction test.

Two multidrug-resistant clones carrying extended spectrum beta-lactamases revealed in a single hospital department by whole genome sequencing.

bacteria is a component of normal intestinal microflora of humans and animals, but can also be found in hospital settings causing urinary tract infections and sepsis. The problem of treating such infections is complicated by multidrug-resistant isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and the number of ESBL-carrying strains has significantly increased recently. This study presents a detailed analysis of 12 multidrug-resistant isolates obtained from the wounds of different patients in one surgical department of a multidisciplinary hospital in Moscow, Russia, using the short- and long-read whole genome sequencing.

Interrelation Between Pathoadaptability Factors and Crispr-Element Patterns in the Genomes of Isolates Collected from Healthy Puerperant Women in Ural Region, Russia.

is a commensal and opportunistic bacterium widely distributed around the world in different niches including intestinal of humans and animals, and its extraordinary genome plasticity led to the emergence of pathogenic strains causing a wide range of diseases. is one of the monitored species in maternity hospitals, being the main etiological agent of urogenital infections, endometriosis, puerperal sepsis, and neonatal diseases. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of isolates obtained from the maternal birth canal of healthy puerperant women 3-4 days after labor.

Computational Prediction and Structural Analysis of α-Hairpinins, a Ubiquitous Family of Antimicrobial Peptides, Using the Cysmotif Searcher Pipeline.

Background: α-Hairpinins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, promising antimicrobial agents, which includes only 12 currently revealed members with proven activity, although their real number is supposed to be much higher. α-Hairpinins are short peptides containing four cysteine residues arranged in a specific Cys-motif. These antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a characteristic helix-loop-helix structure with two disulfide bonds.

The significance of monitoring respiratory sample cultures and polymerase chain reaction tests for detecting bacterial pathogens in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Background: Bacterial superinfection is one of the most common and potentially lethal complications in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Objectives: To determine the colonisation time frame and the spectrum of potential bacterial pathogens in respiratory samples from patients with severe and critical COVID-19, using routine culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients aged ≥18 years with confirmed severe and critical COVID-19 who were admitted to or transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Variability of non-structural proteins of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus-1, sub-subtype A6) variants circulating in different regions of the Russian Federation.

Introduction: HIV-1 non-structural proteins are promising targets for vaccine development and for creating approaches to personalized medicine. HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 has become the dominating strain in Russia. However, the geographic, economic and demographic characteristics of the country can contribute to the formation of differences between A6 variants circulating in different regions.

Plain-nosed bats (family Vespertilionidae) as a possible reservoir of lyssaviruses and coronaviruses in Western Siberia and the south of European Russia.

The review presents current data on the chiropterofauna inhabiting Western Siberia and the south of the European part of Russia. A general description of the genus of lyssaviruses and the family of coronaviruses is given. The potential for virus carriage in relation to lyssaviruses and coronaviruses in bat populations of two geographically distant regions is considered.

Research and product development for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: priorities for 2024-30.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed and potentially fatal tick-borne viral disease with no licensed specific treatments or vaccines. In 2019, WHO published an advanced draft of a research and development roadmap for CCHF that prioritised the development and deployment of the medical countermeasures most needed by CCHF-affected countries. This Personal View presents updated CCHF research and development priorities and is the product of broad consultation with a working group of 20 leading experts in 2023-24.

[The evaluation of professional potential of medical personnel in preventing medical risks at medical care support of patients with inflammatory diseases of maxillary antrum based on integral assessment of quantitative indicators of sociological surveys].

The article presents results of quantitative sociological surveys based on original on-line questionnaire that allows to assess professional competence of otorhinolaryngologists in prescribing antibiotics to patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. The professional potential of otorhinolaryngologists within the framework of national security strategy in the field of public health. The pilot approbation was carried out in February-December 2023 by means of quantitative sociological on-line survey of 627 otorhinolaryngologists from 32 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Exposure, infection and disease with the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia miyamotoi in the Netherlands and Sweden, 2007-2019.

The impact of the emerging tick-borne pathogen Borrelia miyamotoi is not fully understood. We utilised a protein array to investigate B. miyamotoi seroreactivity in various human populations in the Netherlands and Sweden.

Data on the analysis of draft genome sequence of isolate carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid and CRISPR-Cas system.

Environmental bacterial species is an emerging pathogen becoming increasingly important in causing human infections. Thus far, the clinical isolates of this species have not exhibited multidrug resistance very often, but some reports underline the necessity for continuous monitoring of this potentially dangerous pathogen. Currently, epidemiological surveillance and antimicrobial resistance investigations of any bacterial pathogen usually rely on whole genome sequencing, which is becoming more affordable while providing increasingly important data in the recent years.

Toll-Like Receptor Genes and Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Infected with HIV-1.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of genetic factors, i.e., the level of expression and polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLR), to the susceptibility of latent tuberculosis infection in a Russian cohort of individuals infected with HIV.

Combining short- and long-read sequencing unveils geographically structured diversity in .

is an emerging tick-borne human pathogen in the Northern hemisphere. The aim of the current study was to compare whole genome sequences of isolates from different continents. Using a combination of Illumina and PacBio platforms and a novel genome assembly and plasmid typing pipeline, we reveal that the 21 sequenced isolates and publically available genomes from North America, Asia, and Europe form genetically distinct populations and cluster according to their geographical origin, where distinct species are endemic.

The Immunological and Epidemiological Effectiveness of Pediatric Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A 9 to 11 Years after Its Implementation in the Tyva Republic, the Russian Federation.

Since 2012, universal single-dose HAV vaccination in children aged 3 years and older has been implemented in the Tyva Republic, a region of the Russian Federation. The aim of this prospective non-interventional observational single-center study was to determine the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of single-dose vaccination against hepatitis A 9 to 11 years after its implementation. The anti-HAV IgG antibodies were determined in two independent cohorts of children who were vaccinated with a single dose of monovalent pediatric inactivated vaccine (HAVRIX 720 EU) in Tyva in 2012 and recruited 9 years (Year 9 Cohort) and 11 years (Year 11 Cohort) after immunization.

In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Fucoidans from Brown Algae.

Due to the developing resistance and intolerance to antiretroviral drugs, there is an urgent demand for alternative agents that can suppress the viral load in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, there has been increased interest in agents of marine origin such as, in particular, fucoidans to suppress HIV replication. In the present study, the anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidans from the brown algae , , , , , and was studied in vitro.

Whole genome analysis of multidrug-resistant isolate collected from drinking water in Armenia revealed the plasmid-borne mediated colistin resistance.

Unlabelled: The rate of polymyxin-resistant , as well as human and animal infections caused by them, is increasing worldwide, posing a high epidemiological threat since colistin represents a last-resort antibiotic to treat complicated infections. The study of environmental niches, in particular, aquatic ecosystems in terms of genome analysis of inhabiting antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms as reservoirs of acquired resistance determinants (AMR genes), represents a specific concern from a One Health approach. Here, we present a phenotypic AMR analysis and molecular characterization of isolate found in municipal drinking water after an accident in the water supply system of a residential building in Armenia in 2021.

Factors affecting mortality in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: An international ID-IRI study.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the mortality rate of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from 23 centers across 15 countries, spanning the period of March 2020 to December 2021, were retrospectively collected. The study population comprised patients who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis while being treated for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit.