Green Chemical Synthesis of N-Cholyl-L-Cysteine Encapsulated Gold Nanoclusters for Fluorometric Detection of Mercury Ions.

Herein we report a simple, single-step, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and biocompatible approach using sodium salt of N-cholyl-L-cysteine (NaCysC) capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with green emission properties at above the CMC in aqueous medium under UV-light irradiation. The primary and secondary CMC of NaCysC was found to be 4.6 and 10.

Adsorption of chromium by exopolysaccharides extracted from lignolytic phosphate solubilizing bacteria.

In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing phosphate solubilizing bacterium, Enterobacter soli was screened from rhizospheres soils of mangrove environment. The enhanced production of EPS by Enterobacter soli (EsEPS) was obtained by optimization of cultural conditions, maximum production (3.86 ± 0.

Supramolecular self-assembly mediated aggregation-induced emission of fluorene-derived cyanostilbenes: multifunctional probes for live cell-imaging.

The first discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), whereby luminogen aggregation plays a positive role in enhancing the light-emission efficiency, has piqued the interest of many researchers as it opens up a new avenue for the exploration of practically beneficial luminescent materials. Diverse AIE-active luminogens (or AIEgens) with tunable emission colours and very high quantum yields (up to unity) in the solid state have been extensively utilised in a broad range of fields including optoelectronics, energy and bioscience. In this article, we describe novel fluorene-based fluorogens that exhibit bright emission in the solid-state, mechanical stimuli-responsive optical properties and aggregation-induced emissive ability, and were able to modulate their donor and acceptor properties.

Facile Multicomponent Synthesis, Computational, and Docking Studies of Spiroindoloquinazoline Compounds.

Synthesis of spiroindoloquinazolines via one-pot three-component condensation reactions of tryptanthrin, malononitrile or ethylcyanoacetate, and nucleophiles was carried out in MeOH using triethylamine as the base catalyst under reflux conditions. This method has the advantages of short reaction time, excellent yields, and an easy work-up procedure. The structural properties of the compound {2-amino-6-methyl-spiro-[12]Indolo(2,1-)quinazoline-12-one]12',4-pyrano(2,3-)pyrazole]-3-carbonitrile} and the obtained crystal were analyzed by the DFT theoretical calculation method, using the B3LYP 6-311G(d,p) basis set and were found to be in agreement with the experimental results.

A cyclodextrin-based macrocyclic oligosaccharide cavitand with a dual functionality limits the collagen fibrillogenesis: A possible carbohydrate-based therapeutic molecule for fibrotic diseases.

β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a macrocyclic oligosaccharide cavitand, is a well-known candidate for drug delivery and formulation. In this study, we extended the application of β-CD using a β-cyclodextrin sulfate (β-CDS) as a possible therapeutic for fibrotic diseases caused by excess deposition of collagen fibrils. We have strategically chosen β-CDS, which mimics the natural existence of dermatan sulfate in the extracellular matrix, for limiting collagen fibrillation.

Electro-oxidation of tannery wastewater to achieve zero discharge - a step towards sustainability.

Pilot-scale electro-oxidation equipment with a functional capacity of 0.2 m/hr, with titanium electrodes coated with TiO/RuO/IrO as both anodes and cathodes, was designed. It was installed on the premises of a commercial tannery.

Slaughterhouse and poultry wastes: management practices, feedstocks for renewable energy production, and recovery of value added products.

The slaughterhouse and poultry industry is possibly one of the fastest-growing sectors driven by the increasing demand in food availability. Subsequently, the wastes produced from the slaughterhouse and poultry industry are in huge quantities, which could be a promising resource for the recovery of value added products, and bioenergy production to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels. Furthermore, the wastes from slaughterhouses and poultry are a hub of pathogens that is capable of infecting humans and animals.

Cascade aryne insertion/vinylogous aldol reaction of vinyl-substituted β-keto/enol carbonyls.

Cyclic and acyclic vinyl substituted β-keto/enol carbonyl substrates, on reaction with arynes, result in differentially substituted naphthyl carbocycles, hitherto difficult to synthesize with existing protocols. While the substitutions on the arynes have no role, the ring size of the cyclic β-keto/enol esters has a profound influence on the product formation.

Nitrogen Fixation at the Edges of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials: Synergy of Doping.

Synthesis of ammonia at ambient conditions is very demanding yet challenging to achieve due to the production of ammonia fuel, which is considered to be a future fuel for sustainable energy. In this context, computational studies on the catalytic activity of the edge sites of boron nitride nanomaterials for possible nitrogen reduction into ammonia have been investigated. Geometrical and electronic properties of zigzag and armchair B-open edges of BN sheet (B) models have been unraveled to substantiate their catalytic nature.

Diastereoselective access to [4,4]-carbospirocycles: governance of thermodynamic enolates with an organocatalyst in vinylogous cascade annulation.

A vinylogy concept driven annulation strategy is developed to access [4,4]-carbospirocycles from alkylidene malononitriles and cyclopentene-1,3-diones. The reaction is catalyzed by an inexpensive organocatalyst and products with three stereocenters were obtained as a single diastereomer in high yields. The spiro-selectivity originates from the reaction of the thermodynamic enolate intermediate which is fundamentally intriguing.

Compact glyoxal tanning system: a chrome-free sustainable and green approach towards tanning-cum-upgradation of low-grade raw materials in leather processing.

Increased concern over the use of metal salts such as chromium, zirconium, and aluminum for tanning of hides and skins has made the leather production industry to be constantly on the lookout for organic tanning agents in place of the inorganic system. Though glutaraldehyde has been looked at as a viable option, it still lags in imparting superior strength properties to the leather and also it has been reported to have inherent toxicity. With that concept in view, this research work focuses on the usage of glyoxal along with synthetic tanning agents as a replacement for glutaraldehyde and other inorganic tanning systems.

Delineating the Role of Tailored Gold Nanostructures at the Biointerface.

Gold (Au) has emerged as a superior element, because of its widespread applications in electronic and medical fields. The desirable physical, chemical, optical, and inherent enzyme-like properties of Au are efficiently exploited for detection, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Au offers a unique advantage of fabricating gold nanostructures (GNS) having exact physical, chemical, optical, and enzyme-like properties required for the specific biomedical application.

Vegetable wastes as a bio-additive for low-salt preservation of raw goat skin: An attempt to reduce salinity in leather manufacture.

Preservation or curing of hides/skins is performed as the primary step of leather processing to conserve them from putrefaction. Normally preservation is carried out using common salt (NaCl), which is discharged in the soak liquor contributing to ~ 70%, of total dissolved solids (TDS) load of entire leather manufacturing. In an attempt to reduce the TDS and chlorides, phyto-based preservation using garlic peel (Allium sativum) and white onion peel (Allium cepa) was carried out.

Radiopaque fibrin nanocomplex as a promising tool for X-ray imaging applications.

The raising burden of cancer can be controlled by fabricating smart nanomaterials that can detect tumours easily. In this study, we report about the preparation of radiopaque fibrin nanocomplex (RFN) for imaging solid tumours. The nanocomplex exhibits high X-ray absorption and therefore utilizes X-ray radiography and computed tomography (CT) for imaging tumours.

Unorthodox cascade reaction of arynes and -nitrosamides leading to indazole scaffolds.

An unusual cascade annulation of arynes with -alkyl--nitrosamides is developed by leveraging aryne σ-insertion and C(sp)-H bond functionalization strategies under transition-metal-free conditions at ambient temperature, offering functionalized indazoles in high yields and regioselectivity. The protocol is scalable and exhibits a broad substrate scope. The reaction mechanism is also studied with DFT calculations.

Nitric oxide-mediated alleviation of arsenic stress involving metalloid detoxification and physiological responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Rice is a staple crop, and food chain contamination of arsenic in rice grain possesses a serious health risk to billions of population. Arsenic stress negatively affects the rice growth, yield and quality of the grains. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule that may trigger various cellular responses in plants.

The combined effect of thermal-acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, and iodine species removal on the properties of native tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch.

Through a four-step top-down approach, native tapioca starch (NTS) was thermally acid-hydrolyzed, periodate-oxidized with subsequent removal of iodine species (i.e., IO(-), IO(-), I(-), and I), and dialdehyde tapioca starch (DTS) alcohol-precipitation.

Effective utilization of tannery hair waste to develop a high-performing re-tanning agent for cleaner leather manufacturing.

Accumulation of hair waste is a major burden to the leather industry, causing a negative impact on the industry's sustainable development. The industry is already bogged down by the usage of synthetic re-tanning agents that are not only extremely challenging for biodegradation but also release free-form of formaldehyde in the final leather stage. This research work focuses on developing a formaldehyde-free bio-based re-tanning agent from hair waste.

Lutein activates downstream signaling pathways of unfolded protein response in hyperglycemic ARPE-19 cells.

We have earlier demonstrated that lutein effectively prevents hyperglycemia generated sustained oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells by activating Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling. Since evidence portrays an intricate connection between ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress, we aimed to explore the protective mechanism of lutein on hyperglycemia-induced ER stress in ARPE-19 cells. To determine the effect of lutein, we probed three major downstream branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways using western blot, immunofluorescent and RT-PCR techniques.

Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Product Formation in Rat Tail Tendons by Polydatin and p-Coumaric acid: an In Vitro Study.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formed through non-enzymatic glycosylation between a protein and sugar molecule are highly harmful to the human body. In hyperglycemic patients, AGE formation is more due to high glucose circulating in the blood, causing inter and intra molecular cross-linking of collagen leading to reduction of collagen elasticity. This cross-linked collagen develops resistance to matrix metalloproteinases leading to impaired collagen turnover.

Understanding the ancillary ligand effect on luminescent cyclometalated Ir(III) complex as a reporter for 2-acetylaminofluorene DNA(AAF-dG) adduct.

Mutagenic agents such as aromatic amines undergo metabolic activation and produce DNA adducts at C8 position of guanine bases. N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) generates different mutational outcomes when placed at G, G, and G of a NarI sequence (-GGCGCC/T-). These outcomes are dictated by the conformations adopted by these adducts.

Chromone, A Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Developments in the Synthesis and Bioactivity.

Chromones are the class of secondary metabolites that broadly occur in the plant kingdom in a noticeable quantity. This rigid bicyclic system has been categorized "as privileged scaffolds in compounds" in medicinal chemistry. Their wide biological responses have made them an important moiety in a drug discovery program.

Dendrimer-Functionalized Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Mediated Self-Assembled Collagen Scaffold for Skin Regenerative Application: Function of Metal in Metal Oxides.

Functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles cross-linked collagen scaffolds are widely used in skin regenerative applications because of their enhanced physicochemical and biocompatibility properties. From the safety clinical trials point of view, there are no reports that have compared the effects of functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles mediated collagen scaffolds for in vivo skin regenerative applications. In this work, triethoxysilane-poly (amido amine) dendrimer generation 3 (TES-PAMAM-G or G)-functionalized spherical shape metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs: ZnO, TiO, FeO, CeO, and SiO, size: 12-25 nm) cross-linked collagen scaffolds were prepared by using a self-assembly method.

A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors.

Polymers and carbon nanomaterials for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices have been used to develop an efficient reusable photocatalytic chip. Interestingly, it is highly effective when the materials are self-assembled in a particular pattern at a particular concentration ratio (Movies in the ESI).

Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Activities of Antimicrobial Peptide-Functionalized Graphene-Silver Nanocomposites for the Inhibition and Disruption of Biofilms.

Owing to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, bacterial infection and biofilm formation are growing concerns in healthcare management. Herein, we report an eco-benign strategy for the synthesis and functionalization of graphene-silver (rGOAg) nanocomposites with an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) for the treatment of infection. The synthesis of rGOAg nanocomposites was carried out by simple microwave reduction, and the as-synthesized rGOAg was covalently functionalized with an AMP.