A Methodological Study on Microbial In Vivo Sampling Methods of Root Canal Microbiota for Next-Generation Gene Sequencing Analysis.

Introduction: The aim was to evaluate the suitability of paper points or endodontic nickel-titanium files to sample microorganisms for in vivo investigation of endodontic microbiota by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing.

Methods: Forty-five patients presenting clinical and radiological signs of apical periodontitis were recruited for sampling, giving their written informed consent. Glide paths were assessed using C-Pilot Files and K-Files under electronic root canal length control under aseptic conditions.

Ex-vivo evaluation of clinically-set hydraulic sealers used with different canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: This 2-part randomized parallel triple-blind clinical trial adopts a unique model assessing clinically-set hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) after different root canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques.

Methods: For the first phase of the study, 24 teeth scheduled for orthodontic extractions were allocated into four groups according to the canal dryness protocol and the obturation technique. G1 (CLC-AHP): cold lateral compaction (CLC) with AH Plus sealer, G2 (CLC-ES-SD): CLC with Endosequence (ES) after standard canal(s) dryness (SD); G3 (SC-ES-SD): matching single-cone (SC) with ES after SD; G4 (SC-ES-PD): as G3 but after partial canal(s) dryness (PD).

Cyclic Fatigue of Different Reciprocating Endodontic Instruments Using Matching Artificial Root Canals at Body Temperature In Vitro.

Reciprocating motion expands the lifetime of endodontic instruments during the preparation of severely curved root canals. This study aimed to investigate the time to fracture (TTF) and number of cycles to failure (NCF) of different reciprocating instruments ( = 20 in each group) at body temperature using a dynamic testing model (amplitude = 3 mm). Reciproc Blue (RPB), size 25/.

Comparative Analysis of Irrigation Techniques for Cleaning Efficiency in Isthmus Structures.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the removal of a biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from isthmus structures in a simulated complex root canal system consisting of 2 curved root canals by Laser-activated irrigation (LAI, AdvErl Evo, Morita) and mechanical activation techniques.

Methods: A 3D-printed root canal model with 2 parallel root canals (60°-curvature, radius 5 mm, dimension 25/.06) with a total length of 20 mm connected via isthmuses (2.

Influence of pulse energy, tip design and insertion depth during Er:YAG-activated irrigation on cleaning efficacy in simulated severely curved complex root canal systems in vitro.

Aim: To investigate the influence of pulse energy, tip geometry and tip position in simulated 3D-printed root canals with multiple side canals at different levels in all directions on the cleaning performance of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) compared to sonic activation (EDDY) and conventional needle irrigation (NI).

Methodology: 3D-printed root canal models (25/.06, length 20 mm, curvature 60°, radius 5 mm) with side canals (diameter 0.

Comparative biological properties of resin-free and resin-based calcium silicate-based endodontic repair materials on human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of three different calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on the biological behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).

Methods: Eluates of Biodentine, NeoPutty and TheraCal PT prepared at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios were extracted under sterile conditions. The cytotoxicity of the extracts to the hPDLSCs was assessed using the MTT assay.

Cleaning Efficiency of Different Irrigation Techniques in Simulated Severely Curved Complex Root Canal Systems.

Introduction: To compare the biofilm-mimicking hydrogel removal efficiency of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with five other irrigation techniques in simulated curved root canals with lateral canals.

Methods: Three-dimensional-printed root canal models (60°-curvature, radius 5 mm; dimension 25/.06) with a total length of 20 mm and lateral canals in all directions at 2, 5, and 8 mm (diameter 0.

Parallel endodontic education via social media: An exploratory survey study.

There is insufficient research to evaluate social media's influence on endodontic education. Therefore, this study assessed the percentage of students utilising Facebook in their education and the factors influencing their engagement. A survey was conducted on dental students, interns and dentists undertaking specialist programmes.

Assessment of the Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris and Distolingual Canal in Mandibular First Molars in 15 Countries: A Multinational Cross-sectional Study with Meta-analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was two-folded: i) to assess the prevalence of Distolingual Canal (DLC) and Radix Entomolaris (RE) in Mandibular First Molars (M1Ms), using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and ii) to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on the prevalence of these conditions worldwide.

Methods: CBCT images were scanned retrospectively and the ones including bilateral M1Ms were included in the study. The evaluation was performed by 1 researcher in each country, trained with CBCT technology.

Resolution of a periapical lesion in an autoimmune pancreatitis patient treated with long-term low-dose glucocorticoids: a case report.

Background: Patients diagnosed with an autoimmune disease are often systemically medicated with glucocorticoids. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) Type 1 is considered a rare autoimmune disease, which is very well responsive to glucocorticoids and hence can be treated optionally on a long-term basis using low dose of the drug. Apical lesions of root canal-treated teeth can be solved by retreatment of the preexisting root canal obturation or via surgical approaches.

Success rate of orthograde endodontic retreatment after failed apicectomy - A retrospective study.

Aim: Orthograde retreatment after failed apicectomy maybe a treatment alternative to endodontic resurgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical outcome of orthograde endodontic retreatment after failed apicectomy.

Methodology: Success was rated radiographically in 191 cases of orthograde retreatment after failed apicectomy that were treated in a private practice with a documented recall of at least 12 months.

Effect of Different Sealers on the Cytocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Background: There is tendency for unavoidable sealer extrusion in some clinical cases. This might adversely affect host stem cells and affect healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sealers on the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).

Short and Long-Term Solubility, Alkalizing Effect, and Thermal Persistence of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer vs. Total Fill BC Sealer.

This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term solubility, alkalizing potential, and suitability for warm-vertical compaction of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC) compared to the epoxy-resin sealer AH Plus (AHP). A solubility test was performed according to ISO specification 6876 and further similar to ISO requirements over a period of 1 month in distilled water (AD) and 4 months in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The pH of the immersion solution was determined weekly.

Human Primary Odontoblast-like Cell Cultures-A Focused Review Regarding Cell Characterization.

Cell cultures can provide useful in vitro models. Since odontoblasts are postmitotic cells, they cannot be expanded in cell cultures. Due to their extension into the dentin, injuries are inevitable during isolation.

Remineralization and protection from demineralization: effects of a hydroxyapatite-containing, a fluoride-containing and a fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste on human enamel in vitro.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the remineralization potential as well as the extent of protection against renewed demineralization of enamel by hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (Karex) in comparison to fluoride-containing (Elmex) and fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste (Ajona) as control.

Methods: Fifty-seven enamel samples were obtained from 19 human teeth. Five demarcated surfaces were created on each tooth (S0-S4).

Pleiotropic effects on proliferation and mineralization of primary human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells induced by simvastatin.

The circulating low-density lipoprotein concentration in blood can be reduced by the administration of statins. Frequently simvastatin (SV) is prescribed. Due to the reported pleiotropic effects of SV the aim of this study was to evaluate mineralization effects on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells upon administration of SV.

Effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis: A systematic review.

Background: The diagnosis of the status of the inflamed pulp is essential in clinical diagnosis and treatment provision. There are a limited number of well-designed and well-executed clinical trials on the diagnosis of the true status of the pulp.

Objectives: Three PICO questions were formulated and agreed a priori by the European Society of Endodontology to evaluate the clinical tests for sensibility testing, determination of biomarkers and pulp bleeding with regard to their suitability to correctly diagnose the condition of the pulp tissue for the development of S3-Level guidelines.

Fracture resistance of root canal-treated molars restored with ceramic overlays with/without different resin composite base materials: an in vitro study.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different restorative protocols on fracture resistance of root canal-treated molars. 48 mandibular first molars were used and divided into six groups (n = 8); G1 (negative control): teeth kept intact. G2 (positive control): teeth had root canal treatment and standard MOD cavity preparations but kept unrestored.

A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the physical properties of NiTi instruments and their fracture characteristics.

The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the physical properties (surface hardness, cutting efficiency, bending properties, flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance) of NiTi instruments. Frequently used experimental models regarding these aspects will be presented and discussed with regard to their strengths and weaknesses. For all these aspects, a plethora of experimental models have been described.

The antibacterial effect and the incidence of post-operative pain after the application of nano-based intracanal medications during endodontic retreatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-silver and nano-calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments (ICM) during retreatment regarding their antibacterial effect and their effect on post-operative pain and flare-ups.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine patients scheduled for endodontic retreatment were included in this randomized clinical trial and randomly allocated to 3 equal groups (n = 23) according to the type of ICM used. The first microbial sampling (S1) representing the original microbiota was obtained after the removal of the old canal filling.

Minimal Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers in Warm Vertical Compaction by Direct Detection via SEM Analysis.

Sealer staining using rhodamine B dye to investigate the penetration depth of endodontic sealers was proven unsuitable for this purpose. This study aimed to investigate the sealer penetration depth into dentinal tubules by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Root canals of 52 human upper central incisors were instrumented using the ProTaper Gold NiTi system (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) up to size F3.

Effect of Core Mass and Alloy on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments in Matching Artificial Canals.

Instrument failure during root canal preparation is still a concern among endodontists. However, it remains unclear whether the use of more martensitic alloys or the cross-sectional design parameters (i.e.

Debunking the Concept of Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers: Sealer Staining with Rhodamine B Fluorescent Dye Is an Inadequate Method.

The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of rhodamine B dye staining of an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) and calcium-silicate-based sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS) to represent the penetration depth of the sealers into dentinal tubules after root canal obturation. In a three-step process, (1) leaching of rhodamine B from sealers into a buffer solution, (2) passive penetration of leached rhodamine B into dentinal tubules, and (3) conformity of rhodamine B penetration assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and sealer penetration assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in root-canal-filled teeth, were evaluated. Rhodamine B dye massively leached out of Total Fill BC Sealer and BioRoot RCS into the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

Shaping Ability and Debris Extrusion of New Rotary Nickel-Titanium Root Canal Instruments.

The aim was to evaluate the canal straightening and the amount of apically extruded debris associated with five rotary nickel-titanium when preparing curved root canals. A total of 100 root canals in extracted human teeth (angles of curvatures 20°-30°; radii 5.9-13.