Fish assemblage structure and spatial gradients of diversity in a large tropical reservoir, Panchet in the Ganges basin, India.

Fish assemblage structure in Panchet, a large tropical reservoir along river Damodar, major tributary of river Ganga in India, was studied along the spatial gradient of the impoundment. Fish samples were collected bimonthly from October 2014 to September 2016. Fish community structure in terms of species composition, relative abundance, and trophic and conservation status was recorded.

TRPA1 is selected as a semi-conserved channel during vertebrate evolution due to its involvement in spermatogenesis.

TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel originated in invertebrates. The genomic locus containing TRPA1 gene remains highly conserved and retained in all vertebrates. TRPA1 gene is evolutionarily selected, yet maintained as a highly diverged protein.

Molecular cloning, GTP recognition mechanism and tissue-specific expression profiling of myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) after Poly I:C induction.

The myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins belong to interferon-induced dynamin GTPase and play pivotal role in the inhibition of replication of numerous viruses. These antiviral proteins are released in usual or diseased condition to prevent the viral attack and to carry regular cellular activities like endocytosis and trafficking of nucleoproteins into the nucleus. The invasion of virus up-regulates the expression of Mx transcripts and double-stranded RNA mimic like polyinosinic polycytidyilic acid (Poly I:C).

Establishment of base population for selective breeding of catla () depending on phenotypic and microsatellite marker information.

The phenotypic and microsatellite marker information of nine strains of catla () for growth trait was used to infer relationship within and between strains. This information helped in optimizing the proportion of individuals to be used from each strain while creating a base population for selective breeding. For this purpose, nine strains were collected from different sources and places of India namely West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Toll like receptor induces Ig synthesis in Catla catla by activating MAPK and NF-κB signalling.

The molecular crosstalk of proximal innate immune receptor signaling mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is crucial in generating an adaptive immune response. The extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) participate in propagating intracellular signals initiated by stimulated TLRs to transcription factors eliciting cytokine release. Although ERK signaling has been extensively studied in mammalian counterparts, very little is known about its existence in carps and its role in augmentation of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis.

Molecular identification and genetic diversity analysis of Chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis) populations of Northeast India, using mitochondrial DNA markers.

The population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis were studied using three mitochondrial genes (CoxI, Cytb, ATPase 6/8). A total of 120 individuals representing nine populations from different drainages of Northeast India were used for the study. Thirty-three distinct haplotypes were identified from concatenated gene analysis.

Identification and functional characterization of a g-type lysozyme gene of Labeo rohita, an Indian major carp species.

Lysozyme, an important secretory innate immune component, possesses antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses. In the present study, complete CDs (558 bps) of g-type lysozyme of rohu (Labeo rohita) was amplified and translated for a putative protein of 185 amino acids. The domain architecture and tertiary structure was also predicted for the protein.

Studies on the growth and mortality of Indian River shad, Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822) from Panchet reservoir, India.

The Indian river shad, Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822), is a commercially important freshwater clupeid that contribute to the livelihood of subsistence and marginal fisheries in inland open waters of India and its adjacent countries. The present study was carried out on the growth and mortality of Indian River shad, Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822) based on the commercial length-frequency data collected monthly during October 2014 to September 2015 of a large reservoir located in the border of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The ELEFAN-I (Electronic Length Frequency Analysis) module in FiSAT (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) was used for estimation of growth parameters (L, K).

Chitosan-eurycomanone nanoformulation acts on steroidogenesis pathway genes to increase the reproduction rate in fish.

The study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of eurycomanone, a major compound of Eurycoma longifolia plant in increasing the reproductive processes in the male fish model. Chitosan-nanoconjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles with a significant particle size [130 nm (CED1); 144.1 nm (CED2)] and stable zeta potentials (+49.

Dynamics of expression of antibacterial and antioxidant defence genes in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita in response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Cells produce large number of antioxidant molecules to prevent reactive oxygen species-induced self-damage during microbial assault while generating simultaneously number of antimicrobial molecules to target the pathogen. The present study was aimed at looking into molecules involved in antibacterial and self-protection mechanism of a host Labeo rohita when challenged with a pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Expression profiles of few of the important host antibacterial genes viz.

Ceruloplasmin, a moonlighting protein in fish.

Ceruloplasmin is an ancient multicopper oxidase evolved to insure a safe handling of oxygen in some metabolic pathways of vertebrates. The current knowledge of its structure provides a glimpse of its plasticity, revealing a multitude of binding sites that point to an elaborate mechanism of multifunctional activity. Ceruloplasmin is highly conserved throughout the vertebrate evolution.

Influence of dietary lipid levels on growth, nutrient utilization, tissue fatty acid composition and desaturase gene expression in silver barb (Puntius gonionotous) fingerlings.

Silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is considered as a promising medium-sized carp species for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. This study in silver barb was carried out to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary levels of lipid on growth, nutrient utilization, whole-body composition, tissue fatty acid composition and Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6 fad) gene expression. Fish (11.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP Offers Protection Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Labeo rohita.

Use of probiotics as the biocontrol agent for disease prevention in aquaculture is gaining importance as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics. In view of this trend, the probiotic properties of a potent antagonistic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP, was characterized in terms of safety, antagonistic activities, in vitro immunomodulation, and in vivo disease resistance. Immunomodulatory activity was ascertained by measuring the production of intracellular superoxide anion, nitric oxide, total leukocyte peroxidase content, and the leukocyte proliferation in head kidney leukocytes.

Development of a western blot method for detection of fish ectoparasite Argulus siamensis antigens.

A study was undertaken to develop a western blot method for detection of immunogenic proteins of fish ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis for its further use as potential vaccine candidates. Argulus antigens were prepared by homogenization and injected to rohu (Labeo rohita) juveniles for development of immune serum. The serum was used to immunostain the antigens in western blot.

Lrcasp9 shares similarity in structural motifs with human caspase-9 and is activated following bacterial infection and anti-viral vaccination.

Among various caspases, caspase-9 plays a crucial role in the initiation phase of apoptotic cascade. To investigate about it in a high-valued freshwater fish species rohu (), we cloned and characterized full-length caspase-9 cDNA (Lrcasp9) and analyzed its expression following bacterial infections and anti-viral vaccinations. The Lrcasp9 consisted of 1619-bp nucleotides (nt) having an ORF of 1302 nt encoding a polypeptide of 433 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of ∼ 48.

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of gene validating its involvement in the embryonic development and maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells of farmed carp, .

Background: The homeobox containing transcription factor plays crucial roles in embryonic development/proliferation and/or maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) via interacting with transcription factors such as and in mammals. However, knowledge of its exact mechanistic pathways remains unexploited. Very little is known about teleost .

Modulation of immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant outer-membrane protein F (rOmpF) of Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita.

The outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Aeromonas hydrophila, an imperative fish pathogen accountable for massive economic losses to aquaculture industry, are found to be immunogenic and considered as potential vaccine candidates. In spite of development in the formulation of vaccine candidates against Aeromonas infection, no commercial preparation has been done so far; in addition, the molecular mechanisms of immunoprotection induced by various vaccine formulations in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, are little known. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the modulation of immunity and expression of immune-related genes post-rOmpF (recombinant outer-membrane protein of A.

LrHMGB1 Shares Structural Similarities with Human HMGB1, and Its Expression Is Induced in Bacterial Infection, Antiviral Vaccination, and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Stimulation.

The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly conserved nonhistone chromosomal protein ubiquitously present in almost all cell types. In the nucleus, it facilitates DNA repair and replication, V(D)J recombination, stabilization of nucleosome, and in the cytoplasm, it regulates autophagy and apoptosis. In addition to these intracellular functions, HMGB1 also facilitates activation of innate immune responses and plays key roles in host defense.

Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish.

The disparate diversity in immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire has been a subject of fascination since the emergence of prototypic adaptive immune system in vertebrates. The carboxy terminus region of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been well established in tetrapod lineage and is crucial for its function in class switch recombination (CSR) event of Ig diversification. The absence of CSR in the paraphyletic group of fish is probably due to changes in catalytic domain of AID and lack of cis-elements in IgH locus.

Gonadotropin receptors of Labeo rohita: Cloning and characterization of full-length cDNAs and their expression analysis during annual reproductive cycle.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh), secreted from pituitary, stimulate gonadal function by binding to their cognate receptors FSH receptor (FSHR), and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). Rohu (Labeo rohita) is a commercially important seasonal breeder freshwater fish species, but till date, the regulation of expression of gonadotropins and their receptors gene during different phases of annual reproductive cycle has not been investigated. We envisaged the critical role of these molecules during seasonal gonadal development in this carp species.

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles: In vivo evaluation of the biodistribution and toxicity in fish.

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have been proven considerable delivery agents due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. Present study reports the fabrication of CNPs by ionic gelation process and their characterization by different approaches. The constructed nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with eurycomanone with significant entrapment efficiency.

Transcriptional analysis of immune-relevant genes in the mucus of Labeo rohita, experimentally infected with Argulus siamensis.

The knowledge of mucosa-associated molecular events that occur during infections is scarce despite the well-established importance of mucus in fish immunity. Using qRT-PCR, we analyzed the immune gene expression patterns in mucus of Labeo rohita experimentally infected with an ectoparasite Argulus siamensis. Mucus samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d post challenge of L.

Molecular characterization, tissue distribution and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 elongase in silver barb (Puntius gonionotus).

Fatty acid desaturase (Fads) and elongase (Elovl) are two important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in fishes. Silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is considered a promising medium carp species for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. Earlier, Δ6 fads cDNA was characterized to understand the molecular mechanism of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in this species.