Diversity of virulence-associated genes in pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila isolates and their in vivo modulation at varied water temperatures.

Most environmental parameters have no consistent effect on the expression of bacterial genes responsible for their virulence. However, as fish are poikilothermic, the possibility of temperature variation having a pronounced effect on the expression of virulence-associated gene(s) of bacteria infecting the host needs to be investigated. In this study, the diversity of virulence genes in seven Aeromonas hydrophila isolates collected from diseased fish from different parts of India was characterized, and the effect of temperature variation on the extent of expression of their virulence was investigated.

The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 () Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet.

The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene () expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), broodstock in order to determine the possible use of expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the medicinal fish, Cyprinion semiplotum: Insight into its structural features and phylogenetic implications.

Assamese kingfish (Cyprinion semiplotum) belonging to the subfamily Barbinae is an important food as well as aquarium fish having identified pharmacological benefits. The species has a complex taxonomic history and its phylogenetic position remains uncertain. Molecular data employed in earlier phylogenetic studies was inadequate for its phylogenetic placement.

Lectin-Like Activity of Hemocyanin in Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Lectins are proteins that bind to the carbohydrate moieties on surface of bacteria, erythrocytes and other cells of invertebrates causing agglutination and mediate in recognition of foreign substances. In the present study, we isolated and characterized a lectin molecule present in the hemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, an important cultured freshwater prawn. Lectin in serum samples of adult prawns was assessed through hemagglutination (HA) test using rabbit RBC that showed a titre ranging from 16 to 64.

Mx1 exhibits the critical structural motifs of the family of large GTPases of mammals and is activated by rhabdovirus vaccination and bacterial RNA stimulations.

Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins belonging to the dynamin superfamily of high molecular weight GTPases exist in various isoforms and play crucial role in innate immunity. In addition to the isoforms, Mx1 also plays important role in exerting its anti-viral actions against a broad range of animal RNA viruses. In rohu (, 1 full-length cDNA sequence consists of 2440 nucleotides (nt) encoding 628 amino acids (aa) polypeptide of 71.

Toll-interacting protein in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita exhibits conserved structural motifs of higher eukaryotes and is distinctly expressed in pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimulations and bacterial infections.

Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a critical regulator of TOLL- like receptor (TLR)-signaling pathway. It is predominantly associated with TLR2 and TLR4 during acute inflammatory conditions and inhibits the TLR-mediated nuclear factor-kappa activation by suppressing the autophosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase and its kinase activity. This article describes the Tollip of Labeo rohita (LrTollip), a highly valuable freshwater fish from the Indian subcontinent.

Molecular characterization and expressional quantification of lgp2, a modulatory co-receptor of RLR-signalling pathway in the Indian major carp Labeo rohita following pathogenic challenges and PAMP stimulations.

Lgp2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) is a cytosolic viral sensor of the RLR (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 like receptor) family member without the caspase recruitment domain, having both inhibitory and stimulatory roles in RLR-signalling pathway. In India, Labeo rohita (rohu) is one of the leading and economically favoured freshwater fish species. Several immunological sentry proteins have been reported in this fish species, but no information is available on the RLR members.

Influence of a diet containing plant ingredients at different levels on growth performance, carcass biochemical composition, and blood parameters in Indian major carps grown in polyculture earthen ponds.

The effect of feeding levels of plant ingredient-based diet on growth, body composition, and serological constituents of Indian major carps was determined in pond culture condition. Juveniles of Indian major carps (IMCs), Catla catla (catla, 65.87 ± 2.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of two crucial MAPKs- jnk1 and erk1 as cellular signal transducers in Labeo rohita in response to PAMPs stimulation and pathogenic invasion.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial Ser/Thr protein kinases that play important roles in innate immunity by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses, including the production of cytokines. In this study, two MAPK genes, jnk1 and erk1, were cloned and characterized in rohu (Labeo rohita), a commercially important freshwater fish species in the Indian subcontinent. In healthy rohu, both jnk1 and erk1 gene expressions were highest in the spleen as compared to gill, liver, blood and kidney tissues.

Molecular characterization, computational analysis and expression profiling of gene in Indian major carp, (Hamilton 1822).

Sexual dimorphism of fish morphology, physiology and behavior is diverse and complex in nature. Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor () is a large protein family whose function is sexual development and differentiation in vertebrates. Here, we report a full-length cDNA sequence of (rohu) of 907 bp length having 798 bp of open reading frame encoding 265 amino acids.

Effects of dietary α-linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profile, serum metabolites and Δ6 fad and elovl5 gene expression in silver barb (Puntius gonionotus).

Background: Silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) is a medium-sized carp that is promising for freshwater aquaculture in Asia. This study's aim was to investigate the ideal dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA): linoleic acid (LA) ratio for maximizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis and their deposition in the muscle of silver barb, as that of fish oil based control diet.

Result: Fish (with an initial body weight of 11.

Selection of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Argulus siamensis and their validation through screening of drugs and drug targets.

Argulus spp. are economically important fish ectoparasites. The development of antiparasitic drugs is thus important and real time PCR is an indispensable tool in drug development.

Molecular characterization and expressional modulation of IRAK1 as downstream signaling adaptor molecule of TLR-signaling pathways in Labeo rohita following PAMPs stimulation and bacterial infections.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK1) is one of the crucial signal transduction mediators in TLR/IL-1R signaling pathways in host immune system. To investigate about it in rohu (Labeo rohita), one of the economically important freshwater fish species in the Indian subcontinent, we cloned, characterized and analyzed its expression following bacterial infection and pathogens associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) stimulation. The full-length cDNA of rohu IRAK1 (LrIRAK1) consisted of 2765 nucleotide (nt) having an ORF of 2115 nt encoding a polypeptide of 704 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 70.

Synergistic effect of zinc nanoparticles and temperature on acute toxicity with response to biochemical markers and histopathological attributes in fish.

In the present study, an experiment was carried out to delineate the lethal concentration of (LC) zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) alone and with concurrent to high temperature (34 °C) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The lethal concentration of Zn-NPs alone and with high temperature was estimated as 21.89 and 19.

Structural-functional characterization of recombinant Apolipoprotein A-I fromLabeo rohitademonstrates heat-resistant antimicrobial activity.

Apolipoprotein A-I is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, cardioprotective, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-diabetic in mammals. Apolipoprotein A-I also regulates innate immune defense mechanisms in vertebrates and invertebrates. Apolipoproteins A-I from mammals and several teleosts display antibacterial activities against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

Synergistic effect of dietary selenium nanoparticles and riboflavin on the enhanced thermal efficiency of fish against multiple stress factors.

An experiment was designed to delineate the efficacy of a dietary mixture of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and riboflavin (RF) on the thermal efficiency/tolerance of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared under arsenic (2.8 mg/L) and high-temperature (34 °C) stress. A green synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of Se-NPs using fish gills, which are normally discarded as by-products.

Clay-polymer nanocomposites: Progress and challenges for use in sustainable water treatment.

Contaminant removal from water involves various technologies among which adsorption is considered to be simple, effective, economical, and sustainable. In recent years, nanocomposites prepared by combining clay minerals and polymers have emerged as a novel technology for cleaning contaminated water. Here, we provide an overview of various types of clay-polymer nanocomposites focusing on their synthesis processes, characteristics, and possible applications in water treatment.

Cloning and identification of antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin from freshwater carp, on pathogen challenge and PAMPs stimulation.

Hepcidin, a cationic cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide (AMP) acts in hormone regulation and iron homeostasis in the host body. However, the biological property of hepcidin in immune reaction remains unexplored. In aquatic milieu, environmental and pathogenic stressors cause detrimental infections, which are defended by various immunological cells and antimicrobial peptides.

Data on solute carrier transporter genes of a threatened Himalayan fish species - .

The Snowtrout, , is a vulnerable fish species found in different rivers and rivulets of the Himalayan region. The species is also a suitable poikilotherm to study the low-temperature tolerance as it dwells well at a temperature range of 5-20 °C. The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins play an integral role in cellular acclimation response.

Liver-Specific microRNA Identification in Farmed Carp, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822), Fed with Starch Diet Using High-Throughput Sequencing.

The liver is an important central organ, which controls carbohydrate metabolism through maintaining glucose homeostasis by a tightly regulated system of genes or enzymes. The microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs playing an important role in the regulation of genes associated with developmental biology, physiology, metabolism, etc. Thus, in this study, we have intended to detect liver-specific microRNAs in farmed carp, Labeo bata, upon being fed a diet with different levels of carbohydrates.

Revealing liver specific microRNAs linked with carbohydrate metabolism of farmed carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).

The role of microRNA in gene regulation during developmental biology has been well depicted in several organisms. The present study was performed to investigate miRNAs role in the liver tissues during carbohydrate metabolism and their targets in the farmed carp rohu, Labeo rohita, which is economically important species in aquaculture. Using Illumina-HiSeq technology, a total of 22,612,316; 44,316,046 and 13,338,434 clean reads were obtained from three small-RNA libraries.

Genetic diversity and population structure of the threatened chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis McClelland 1839) based on SSR markers: implications for conservation management in Northeast India.

Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (MacClend 1839), commonly known as chocolate mahseer, is an ecologically threatened fish species. The species is reported from Southeast Asia and in India, it is distributed across the Northeast region. The present study was carried out to develop species-specific novel microsatellite markers using next-generation sequencing and to assess the genetic diversity of wild chocolate mahseer populations distributed through Northeastern India.

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of MHCI and chemokines CXCR3 and CXCR4 gene from freshwater carp, Catla catla.

The immune system with large number of molecules protects the host against a plethora of continuously evolving microbes. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules serve as cardinal elements of the adaptive immune system responsible for the activation of the adaptive immunity in the host. The present study reports MHCI molecule in freshwater carp, Catla catla, and its differential expression in immunologically relevant tissues post-infection with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Erythrocyte cAMP in Determining Frequency of Acute Pain Episodes in Sickle Cell Disease Patients from Odisha State, India.

Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) occurs more frequently during stress in sickle cell disease patients. Epinephrine released during stress increases adhesion of sickled red blood cells (RBCs) to endothelium and to leukocytes, a process mediated through erythrocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased adhesion of sickled RBCs retards blood flow through the capillaries and promotes vaso-occlusion.