Effects of caffeic acid on learning deficits in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Caffeic acid is a type of phenolic acid and organic acid. It is found in food (such as tomatoes, carrots, strawberries, blueberries and wheat), beverages (such as wine, tea, coffee and apple juice) as well as Chinese herbal medicines. In the present study, we examined the effects of caffeic acid on learning deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Syringic acid protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Oxidative damage is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Syringic acid (SA), a naturally occurring O-methylated trihydroxybenzoic acid monomer extracted from Herba dendrobii, has been shown to possess antioxidant activity. However, the effects of SA on apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) induced oxidative damages have not yet been explored.

Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are correlated with better prognosis in Han Chinese grade II and grade III glioma subjects and are suppressed by PD-1 signaling.

Purpose: Malignant gliomas are the most common tumors in the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. Recently, CD4 cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) are being increasingly recognized as possessing antitumor capacity. However, their presence, activity and regulation in glioma have not been investigated in detail.

Identification and verification of PRDX1 as an inflammation marker for colorectal cancer progression.

Chronic inflammation contributes to high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Thus, discovering inflammation biomarkers for monitoring of CRC progression is necessary. In this study, we performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomic assay on CRC tissues and paired normal mucosal tissues to identify key components in CRC pathogenesis.

Targeting ubiquitin-specific protease 22 suppresses growth and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) aberrance has been implicated in several malignancies; however, whether USP22 plays a role in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) remains unclear. Here, we report that USP22 expression is highly elevated in ATC tissues, which positively correlated with tumor size, extracapsular invasion, clinical stages, and poor prognosis of ATC patients. In vitro assays showed that USP22 depletion suppressed ATC cell survival and proliferation by decreasing Rb phosphorylation and cyclin D2, inactivating Akt, and simultaneously upregulating Rb; USP22 silencing restrained cell migration and invasion by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition; USP22 knockdown promoted mitochondrion- mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis by upregulating Bax and Bid and promoting caspase-3 activation.

Subanesthetic isoflurane relieves zymosan-induced neutrophil inflammatory response by targeting NMDA glutamate receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling.

Neutrophil release of NO/ONOO- induces endothelial cell barrier dysfunction in inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI). Previous studies using zymosan-triggered inflammation and ALI model revealed that zymosan promotes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in neutrophils, and that isoflurane inhibits zymosan-induced oxidative stress and iNOS biosynthesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

MicroRNA-150 suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the GAB1-ERK axis.

MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) is frequently dysregulated in cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we found that miR-150 was significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues. Low levels of miR-150 were significantly associated with worse clinicopathological characteristics and a poor prognosis for patients with HCC.

Integrative bioinformatics and proteomics-based discovery of an eEF2K inhibitor (cefatrizine) with ER stress modulation in breast cancer cells.

Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), a unique calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, is well known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers. Therefore, eEF2K would be regarded as a promising therapeutic target; however, the eEF2K-regulated mechanism and its targeted inhibitor still remain to be discovered in cancer. Herein, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of eEF2K and achieved an eEF2K-regulated ER stress subnetwork by bioinformatics prediction.

Macrophage mannose receptor 1 and S100A9 were identified as serum diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer through a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis.

Background: Simple blood tests that could be used for early detection are crucial for the ultimate control and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we performed a serum proteomic analysis of CRC and health volunteers to identify the novel biomarkers involved in CRC.

Method: A shotgun proteomic method was applied to identify serum proteins in the serum samples of three CRC and three health volunteers using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

FAT4 functions as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling.

Background: FAT4, a cadherin-related protein, was shown to function as a tumour suppressor; however, its role in human gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of FAT4 in gastric cancer and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: The expression of FAT4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients.

MiRNA-101 inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by targeting CX chemokine receptor 7.

Whereas miR-101 is involved in the development and progression of breast cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that miR-101 expression is inversely correlated with the clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis in breast cancers. Introduction of miR-101 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis of in vivo.

OPRK1 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

As a member of the opioid family, κ-opioid receptors play important role in cognitive and learning functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of OPRK1 promoter methylation with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OPRK1 DNA methylation levels of 48 cases and 58 well matched controls were measured using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology.

Regulatory B Cell Function Is Suppressed by Smoking and Obesity in H. pylori-Infected Subjects and Is Correlated with Elevated Risk of Gastric Cancer.

Helicobacter pylori infection occurs in more than half of the world's population and is the main cause for gastric cancer. A series of lifestyle and nutritional factors, such as tobacco smoking and obesity, have been found to elevate the risk for cancer development. In this study, we sought to determine the immunological aspects during H.

Association of and with Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis based on 56 genetic case-control studies of 12,563 cases and 12,622 controls.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can destroy the memory of sufferers and lead to distress for the individual and society. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor () and butyrylcholinesterase () are two genes associated with β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that are two key factors in the pathophysiology of AD. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between Val66Met (rs6265), C270T (rs2030324) and -K (rs1803274) polymorphisms and AD.

MDM2 SNP309 variation confers the susceptibility to hepatocellular cancer: a meta-analysis based on 4271 subjects.

Previous reports have indicated that MDM2 T309G polymorphism might be a risk factor for various cancers. Increasing studies have been conducted on the association of MDM2 T309G polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. However, the results remain inconclusive.

In vivo nanoparticle-mediated radiopharmaceutical-excited fluorescence molecular imaging.

Cerenkov luminescence imaging utilizes visible photons emitted from radiopharmaceuticals to achieve in vivo optical molecular-derived signals. Since Cerenkov radiation is weak, non-optimum for tissue penetration and continuous regardless of biological interactions, it is challenging to detect this signal with a diagnostic dose. Therefore, it is challenging to achieve useful activated optical imaging for the acquisition of direct molecular information.

Body Mass Index and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

Background: A number of epidemiologic studies examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the future occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD) reported largely inconsistent findings. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to clarify this association.

Methods: Eligible prospective studies were identified by a search of PubMed and by checking the references of related publications.

Neutrophil CD64 expression as a diagnostic marker for sepsis in adult patients: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) expression appears to be a promising marker of bacterial infections. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the accuracy of nCD64 expression for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill adult patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library for literature published between database inception and 19 May 2014, as well as reference lists of identified primary studies.

Salvianolic acid B attenuates apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT1 activation in experimental stroke rats.

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase, has been suggested to be effective in ischemic brain diseases. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a polyphenolic and one of the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Previous studies suggested that SalB is protective against ischemic stroke.

Significance of serum microRNA-21 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): clinical analyses of patients and an HCC rat model.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with human carcinogenesis and tumor development. Moreover, serum miRNAs can reflect the level of tissue miRNAs and be potential tumor markers. Serum microRNA-21 (miR-21) is overexpressed in many human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Fbxw7 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion via Notch1 signaling pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignancies and also the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The mechanisms underlying the progression and metastasis of HCC remain unclear. The E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (Fbxw7) is broadly considered as a tumor suppressor gene.

Detection and screening of small molecule agents for overcoming Sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatics study.

Sorafenib, a novel orally-available multikinase inhibitor blocking several crucial oncogenic signaling pathways, presented survival benefits and became the first-line drug for treatment of patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the acquired resistance to Sorafenib resulted in limited benefits. In this study, we aimed to explore possible agents that might overcome Sorafenib resistance by bioinformatics methods.

Serum peptidome patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma based on magnetic bead separation and mass spectrometry analysis.

Background/aims: The only hope for a cure from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rests on early diagnosis. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for early diagnosis of HCC.

Materials And Methods: To identify novel peptidome patterns for diagnosing HCC, serum from31 healthy volunteers and 32 HCC patients were subjected to a comparative proteomic analysis using a ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry (MS).

A decline of LAMP- 2 predicts ursodeoxycholic acid response in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is variable. We have previously reported that augmented expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) was correlated with the severity of PBC. This study aimed to determine whether serum LAMP-2 could serve as a predictor of biochemical response to UDCA.