Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire in Patients With Lung Cancer.

Context: The Dyspnea-12 questionnaire is a simple tool to assess dyspnea using qualitative descriptors that include both physical and emotional domains. However, the reliability and validity of the Japanese version in patients with lung cancer have not been assessed.

Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Dyspnea-12 questionnaire in patients with lung cancer.

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in a Prospective Cohort of Children with Cerebral Malaria Offers Insights into Pathophysiology and Prognosis.

Background And Purpose: Validation of diffusion-weighted images obtained on 0.35T MR imaging in Malawi has facilitated meaningful review of previously unreported findings in cerebral malaria. Malawian children with acute cerebral malaria demonstrated restricted diffusion on brain MR imaging, including an unusual pattern of restriction isolated to the subcortical white matter.

Management of iatrogenic urorectal fistulae in men with pelvic cancer.

Introduction: Urorectal fistula (URF) is a devastating complication of pelvic cancer treatments and a surgical challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. We report a series of male patients with URF resulting from pelvic cancer treatments, specifically prostate (PCa), bladder (BCa), and rectal cancer (RCa), and explore the differences and impact on outcomes between purely surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities.

Methods: Between October 2008 and June 2015, 15 male patients, aged 59-78 years (mean 67), with URF induced by pelvic cancer treatments were identified in our institutions.

Predominantly myalgic phenotype caused by the c.3466G>A p.A1156T mutation in gene.

Objective: To characterize the clinical phenotype in patients with p.A1156T sodium channel mutation.

Methods: Twenty-nine Finnish patients identified with the c.

Fetal Leydig Cells Persist as an Androgen-Independent Subpopulation in the Postnatal Testis.

Two distinct types of Leydig cells emerge during the development of eutherian mammals. Fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) appear shortly after gonadal sex differentiation, and play a crucial role in masculinization of male fetuses. Meanwhile, adult Leydig cells (ALCs) emerge after birth and induce the secondary male-specific sexual maturation by producing testosterone.

Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria.

Background: Case fatality rates among African children with cerebral malaria remain in the range of 15 to 25%. The key pathogenetic processes and causes of death are unknown, but a combination of clinical observations and pathological findings suggests that increased brain volume leading to raised intracranial pressure may play a role. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became available in Malawi in 2009, and we used it to investigate the role of brain swelling in the pathogenesis of fatal cerebral malaria in African children.

WITHDRAWN: Serotonin receptor antagonists for highly emetogenic chemotherapy in adults.

This review is now out of date although it is correct as of the date of publication. The latest version of this review (available in ‘Other versions’ tab on The Cochrane Library) may still be useful to readers. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.

Serotonin receptor antagonists for highly emetogenic chemotherapy in adults.

Background: Serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT(3) RAs) are used to control chemotherapy-induced emesis. Although they have the same general mechanism of action (blockade of serotonin receptors), they have different chemical structures and may have different effects.

Objectives: To compare efficacy of different serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT(3) RAs) in the control of acute and delayed emesis induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow in young orienteers and sedentary young adults.

Doppler filling indices may provide important information on left ventricular diastole and possibly diastolic adaptation in endurance athletes. We therefore undertook a comparative study to obtain reference values for transmitral and pulmonary venous Doppler flow velocities and to characterize differences between young orienteers and young sedentary adults. Seventy-six elite orienteers (42 female and 34 male; 17-30 years old) and 61 sedentary young subjects (32 female and 29 male; 17-33 years old) underwent echocardiography.