Effect of High-Fat Diets on the Pharmacokinetics of Bedaquiline Fumarate Tablet: A Trial in Healthy Chinese Participants.

Bedaquiline is employed to treat multidrug-resistant and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis by inhibiting the proton pump of adenosine triphosphate synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of high-fat diets on the pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline through a single-center, open-label, randomized trial in healthy Chinese participants. Bedaquiline fumarate tablets were administered at a dosage of 100 mg under both fasted conditions and high-fat diet conditions.

Composite Graphene for the Dimension- and Pore-Size-Mediated Stem Cell Differentiation to Bone Regenerative Medicine.

As one of the most promising means to repair diseased tissues, stem cell therapy with immense potential to differentiate into mature specialized cells has been rapidly developed. However, the clinical application of stem-cell-dominated regenerative medicine was heavily hindered by the loss of pluripotency during the long-term in vitro expansion. Here, a composite three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based biomaterial, denoted as GO-Por-CMP@CaP, with hierarchical pore structure (micro- to macropore), was developed to guide the directional differentiation of human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs) into osteoblasts.

What We Know About TMEM175 in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Lysosome is a highly heterogeneous membranous organelle in eukaryotic cells, which regulates many physiological processes in the cell. Studies have found that lysosomal dysfunction disrupts cellular homeostasis and is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is a lysosomal cation channel whose activity is essential for lysosomal homeostasis.

Identification of Different Steaming Degrees of Panax quinquefolius L. Based on GC-IMS Combined With Machine Learning.

Rationale: Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and a food, is usually processed into various products, including white PQ, red PQ (two- or three-time steamed PQ), and black PQ (nine-time steamed PQ). Previous studies demonstrated that volatile components (VOCs) were the important active substances of PQ, which had antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-leukemia activities.

Bioinformatics and Gene Expression Omnibus Analysis of Key Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Femoral Head Necrosis.

Background: Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a debilitating bone disease affecting an estimated 8 million people worldwide. Although specific drugs for FHN have limitations, targeted therapies have shown promising results. The significance of this study is underscored by the high prevalence of FHN, the limitations of current treatments, and the potential of targeted drugs and natural compounds for effective therapeutic interventions.

Managing Chyle Leakage Following Right Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy: A Case Study.

BACKGROUND Surgery involving the right retroperitoneum can result in lymphatic (chylous) leakage from the cisterna chyli located anterior to the L1 and L2 vertebra or from lymph node dissection. This report describes a 46-year-old woman with retroperitoneal lymphatic (chylous) leak following right adrenalectomy for a nonfunctional adrenal adenoma. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman presented with a medical history of hypertension.

Highly ionic conductive, elastic, and biocompatible double-network composite gel for epidermal biopotential monitoring and wearable sensing.

Soft ionic conductors are promising candidates for epidermal electrodes, flexible sensors, ionic skins, and other soft iontronic devices. However, their inadequate ionic conductivity and mechanical properties (such as toughness and adhesiveness) are still the main constraints for their wide applications in wearable bioelectronics. Herein, an all-biocompatible composite gel with a double-network (DN) strategy is proposed.

Reduced contrast agent volume using a heart-rate dependent and free-breathing scanning protocol in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: The personalized, free-breathing, heart rate-dependent computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol can significantly reduce the utilization of contrast medium (CM). This proves especially beneficial for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing coronary artery CTA examinations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a personalized CT scanning protocol that was tailored to patients' heart rate and free-breathing for coronary CTA of patients with COPD.

Axl deficiency promotes preeclampsia and vascular malformations in mice.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant complication of pregnancy, occurring in approximately 10% of pregnancies. However, the underlying mechanisms of this condition remain unclear. Placentation and tumorigenesis both share many characteristics, but PE is the result of insufficient placentation, in contrast to the overaggression of tumorigenesis.

Efficacy and safety of SHR8554 on postoperative pain in subjects with moderate to severe acute pain following orthopedic surgery: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-explored, active-controlled, phase II/III clinical trial.

Biased µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists enhance pain relief by selectively activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling and minimizing β-arrestin-2 activation, resulting in fewer side effects. This multicenter Phase II/III trial evaluated the optimal dosage, efficacy, and safety of SHR8554, a biased MOR agonist, for postoperative pain management following orthopedic surgery. In Phase II, 121 patients were divided into four groups to receive varying patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) doses of SHR8554 or morphine.

A feeding-induced myokine modulates glucose homeostasis.

Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during fasting and feeding is crucial for the prevention of dysregulation that can lead to either hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Here we identified feimin, encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (B230219D22Rik in mice, C5orf24 in humans), as a key modulator of glucose homeostasis. Feimin is secreted from skeletal muscle during feeding and binds to its receptor, receptor protein tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK), promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting glucose production by activation of AKT.

Exposure to Bisphenol A jeopardizes decidualization and consequently triggers preeclampsia by up-regulating CYP1B1.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease that poses a significant threat to the health of both the mother and the fetus. Previous studies have primarily focused on the role of the placenta in PE pathogenesis; however, normal decidualization is crucial for the subsequent development of the placenta and pregnancy. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor commonly used in the synthesis of polycarbonate and epoxy resins.

Impact of Panvascular Disease on Exercise Capacity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of panvascular disease (PVD) on quality of life (QOL), exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes, in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of the Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION; NCT00047437). Patients with PVD were defined as those having coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease at baseline.

ALDH2 plays a role in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating oxidative stress in mice.

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation are complex biological processes that involve intricate cellular and molecular interactions. The Aldh2 gene is involved in the metabolism of specific aldehydes generated by oxidative stress. Aldh2 is abundantly expressed in the testis and epididymis; however, the specific role of Aldh2 in regulating spermatogenesis and sperm maturation remains unclear.

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 Edition).

The Chinese Guidelines for Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules (2024 edition) were jointly initiated by the Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, the Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists, the Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, 37 multidisciplinary experts in interventional ultrasound, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology and thyroid surgery participated in the compilation of this guide, which expanded the depth and breadth of the perspective and enhanced the authority of the guide. Based on the systematic review of literatures related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules and the professional opinions of experts, the guidelines define the indications and contraindications of thermal ablation, including pre-ablation evaluation and preparation, thermal ablation techniques and operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complications prevention and treatment, and the writing of medical documents for ablation. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), a total of 17 objective and comprehensive recommendations were given.

Investigation of a hemophilia family with one female hemophilia A patient and 12 male hemophilia A patients.

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-chromosome-linked recessive genetic disorder. Female carriers may have bleeding symptoms, but rarely have moderate or severe disease. We identified a female patient with moderate HA by pedigree tracking and genetic testing in a HA family involving consanguineous marriage.

The Predictive Value of tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA Combined with Ultrasound Parameters in Postoperative Gleason Grading of Prostate Cancer.

Aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor in men. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of serum biomarkers combined with ultrasound parameters for postoperative Gleason grading in PCa.

Methods: This study included 65 PCa patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.

Characteristics of peripheral immune response induced by large-vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Despite improvements in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), some patients still suffer from functional impairments, indicating the poor understanding of pathophysiologic process of AIS. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AIS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the peripheral inflammation in different subtypes of AIS.

The efficacy and safety of belzutifan inhibitor in patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Background: The belzutifan is a hypoxia inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) inhibitor for the treatment of advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) and has exhibited good safety and efficacy in clinical trials. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to further clarify the efficacy and safety of belzutifan for the treatment of mccRCC.

Methods: Multiple databases and abstracts from major scientific meetings were systematically reviewed for eligible articles published before June 1, 2024.

Differential effects of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia in mice and possible mechanisms involved.

Sarcopenia frequently occurs with aging and leads to major adverse impacts in elderly individuals. The protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against aging-related sarcopenia have been demonstrated; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of EPA or DHA alone remain inconclusive. Hence, the present study was aimed to clarify the differential effects and possible mechanisms of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia.

Corticosteroids plus metformin versus corticosteroids as front-line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed ITP and pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre propensity score-matched study.

Corticosteroids are the standard first-line treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a high initial response but unsatisfactory sustained response (SR). Additionally, corticosteroids usually lead to hyperglycaemia especially in patients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Besides reducing the blood glucose levels, metformin was found to have immunomodulatory effects.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent phase III randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve prognosis in advanced HER-2-negative gastric cancer patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) higher than 5. However, these findings are not confirmed in real-world settings, and the benefits in PD-L1 CPS < 5 patients remain controversial.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, data from across thirteen medical centers were analyzed by inverse probability of treatment weighting for matching, alongside univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression models.