Pedigree tracing to determine the origins of the modern Palomino Horse Breeders of America stock-type horse.

Registration numbers for the Palomino Horse Breeders of America (PHBA) have risen with the assistance of new registration guidelines. These changes in guidelines allowed for registration of any horse with a palomino body color, including those with unknown pedigrees. While this promoted registry growth, documenting the breed's orgins from those known pedigrees making up the breed's foundation is important with the introduction of unknown pedigrees.

Expression quantitative trait loci mapping identified PtrXB38 as a key hub gene in adventitious root development in Populus.

Plant establishment requires the formation and development of an extensive root system with architecture modulated by complex genetic networks. Here, we report the identification of the PtrXB38 gene as an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) hotspot, mapped using 390 leaf and 444 xylem Populus trichocarpa transcriptomes. Among predicted targets of this trans-eQTL were genes involved in plant hormone responses and root development.

Split selectable marker systems utilizing inteins facilitate gene stacking in plants.

The ability to stack multiple genes in plants is of great importance in the development of crops with desirable traits but can be challenging due to limited selectable marker options. Here we establish split selectable marker systems using protein splicing elements called "inteins" for Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation in plants. First, we show that such a split selectable marker system can be used effectively in plants to reconstitute a visible marker, RUBY, from two non-functional fragments through tobacco leaf infiltration.

The Mitogenome Relationships and Phylogeography of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica).

The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) poses a number of fascinating scientific questions, including the taxonomic status of postulated subspecies. Here, we obtained and assessed the sequence variation of 411 complete mitogenomes, mainly from the European H. r.

Biological Parts for Plant Biodesign to Enhance Land-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal.

A grand challenge facing society is climate change caused mainly by rising CO concentration in Earth's atmosphere. Terrestrial plants are linchpins in global carbon cycling, with a unique capability of capturing CO via photosynthesis and translocating captured carbon to stems, roots, and soils for long-term storage. However, many researchers postulate that existing land plants cannot meet the ambitious requirement for CO removal to mitigate climate change in the future due to low photosynthetic efficiency, limited carbon allocation for long-term storage, and low suitability for the bioeconomy.

Advances in apoptotic mediated proteolysis in meat tenderisation.

Meat tenderness is considered to be one of the most important attributes of meat quality; however it is also one of the most variable. Ultimate meat tenderness is influenced by the amount of intramuscular connective tissue, the length of the sarcomere and also the proteolytic potential of the muscle. Post-mortem proteolysis by endogenous proteases causes the weakening of myofibril structures and associated proteins, which results in tenderisation.

Plasticity and constraints in development and evolution.

Morphological similarities between organisms may be due to either homology or homoplasy. Homologous structures arise by common descent from an ancestral form, whereas homoplasious structures are independently derived in the respective lineages. The finding that similar ontogenetic mechanisms underlie the production of the similar structures in both lineages is not sufficient evidence of homology, as such similarities may also be due to parallel evolution.

Potential for violence toward psychiatric nursing students: risk reduction techniques.

1. Nursing students could be vulnerable targets of violence in their psychiatric nursing clinical rotations by virtue of their predominant gender, and meek, insecure attitudes. 2.

Accelerated LPN-RN nursing education: is role socialization lost along the way?

In response to a critical shortage of registered nurses, an accelerated transition program for licensed practical nurses (LPNs) was developed and implemented. A study of the program was undertaken to evaluate students' academic achievement and socialization into the RN role. NCLEX-RN scores and the Professional Nursing Questionnaire (PNQ) of Minnick, Yocum and Scherubel were used for evaluation.