Anterior capsulolabral reconstruction of the shoulder in athletes.

We did an anterior capsulolabral reconstruction for recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the shoulder in 75 athletes after failure of conservative therapy. Average follow-up was 39 months (range 28 to 60 months). The results were 77% excellent, 75% good, 3% fair, and 5% poor.

Epicardial cryoablation of myocardial tissue using endocardial thermal isolation.

Surgical cure of right atrial arrhythmias may be accomplished by excision, exclusion, or cryoablation of the arrhythmogenic focus. Cryoablation may be performed epicardially without cardiopulmonary bypass but carries an operative recurrence rate of 57%. Successful cryoablation of a right atrial arrhythmia requires the reliable creation of transmural tissue necrosis.

An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching.

The upper extremity is vulnerable to injury during the baseball pitch because of the repetitious nature of the action, the extremes in range of motion, and the high angular velocities and torques generated at the shoulder and elbow. Hence this study was designed to describe the muscle-firing patterns through fine-wire electromyography in 29 muscle bellies in the upper extremities of skilled pitchers during the fastball pitch. The results demonstrated that the muscles functioned with precise timing for joint stabilization to prevent injury, joint activation to transfer forces to the ball, and joint deceleration to dissipate forces after ball release.

The painful shoulder during freestyle swimming. An electromyographic cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the patterns of activity of 12 shoulder muscles in painful shoulders, and compare those patterns of activity with normal shoulders. The results show significant differences in 7 of the 12 muscles. Those muscles included the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, infraspinatus, subscapularis, upper trapezius, rhomboids, and the serratus anterior.

The normal shoulder during freestyle swimming. An electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles.

The shoulder in swimming is subjected to multiple factors that can lead to a high injury rate. To prevent injury, one must understand the biomechanics of swimming. This paper describes the electromyographic and cinematographic findings of 12 shoulder muscles in competitive swimmers without shoulder pain.

Electromyographic analysis of the glenohumeral muscles during a baseball rehabilitation program.

Many exercises are used to strengthen the glenohumeral muscles, but there have been limited studies to evaluate the exercises. Thus, the purpose of this study was to decide how the muscles responsible for humeral motion can best be exercised in a rehabilitation program for the throwing athlete. Dynamic, fine wire, intramuscular electromyography was carried out in 15 normal male volunteers performing 17 shoulder exercises derived from a shoulder rehabilitation program used by professional baseball clubs.

Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during the golf swing.

Golf is a popular sport throughout the world, yet there is little in the literature that discusses the mechanics of the swing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the EMG activity in eight shoulder muscles of both the right and left arms during the golf swing. The results reveal that the infraspinatus and supraspinatus act predominantly at the extremes of shoulder range of motion, the subscapularis and pectoralis major during acceleration, the latissimus dorsi during forward swing, and the anterior deltoid during forward swing and follow-through.

Percutaneous and open surgical repairs of Achilles tendon ruptures. A comparative study.

A comparative study between percutaneous repair and open surgical repair of acute spontaneous Achilles tendon ruptures in young athletic patients is presented. Twenty-seven patients with acute Achilles ruptures were evaluated objectively and with subjective questionnaires. Fifteen of the patients were treated by reconstruction with a gastrocsoleus fascial graft (followup, 4.

Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers.

Men and women both enjoy the game of golf. Special considerations are made for women, such as the courses on the professional tours. Thus, one can ask what differences might exist between men and women golfers.

The role of spinal flexion and extension in changing nerve root compression in disc herniations.

Changes in nerve root compression forces with spinal motion were measured on six freshly frozen adult cadaver spine specimens. A model was devised to represent a herniated disc at the L4-5 level. This was done using an anterior approach placing a compression-measuring device through the disc at the L4-5 level and against the L5 root.

A dynamic analysis of a functional brace for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.

A dynamic, in vivo, functional analysis of braces designed for ACL insufficiency has never been reported. In this study, 14 athletes who had arthroscopically proven absent ACLs were evaluated in the Biomechanics Laboratory at the Centinela Hospital Medical Center. None of the ligaments were repaired or reconstructed.

Electromyographic analysis of elbow function in tennis players.

Muscle activity about the elbow during tennis strokes in nine professional and collegiate level players was studied using indwelling EMG and high speed photography. Eight muscles were evaluated for the serve, forehand, and backhand strokes. The serve was divided into six stages and the ground strokes into four stages.

Home health care and rehabilitation nursing.

Health care is increasingly being delivered on an outpatient and a home care basis than ever before. The Medicare Prospective Payment System, along with the implementation of DRGs, has caused an intense scrutiny of the need for and the length of hospitalization. Thus, hospitals have increased profit incentives to reduce costs and to discharge patients more quickly.

Carbodissection of the internal thoracic artery pedicle.

Carbodissection of the internal thoracic artery pedicle facilitates separation of the internal thoracic artery from the chest wall and permits rapid atraumatic exposure of its branches for precise clipping under direct vision, without the risks of thermal injury inherent in cautery dissection of the pedicle. Twenty-four internal thoracic arteries have been prepared for coronary artery bypass grafting using carbodissection, with no complications and an average operating time of 19.8 minutes.

Functional analysis of untreated and reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Twenty patients with old ruptures of the PCL were analyzed. Ten patients were untreated, and ten patients had reconstruction of the PCL with the medial head of the gastrocnemius. The patients' gait was analyzed using high speed photography, footswitches, electromyography, and force plate.

Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability.

Fifteen male athletes who were skilled in throwing and who had chronic anterior instability of the shoulder (Group 1) were evaluated by dynamic intramuscular electromyography while pitching a baseball. Indwelling wire electrodes recorded the levels of activity in the biceps, middle deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, pectoralis major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and serratus anterior throughout the entire pitching sequence. These signals were synchronized electronically with records of the pitch that were made using high-speed photography.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle and foot.

MRI has gained wide acceptance in evaluating the musculoskeletal system because of its wide array of advantages, including its superior soft-tissue contrast, noninvasiveness, direct multiplanar imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation. Its high-resolution images allow excellent visualization of bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and cartilaginous elements. MRI's greater sensitivity in detecting effusions and focal areas of pathology over other currently available imaging modalities make it the method of choice in many instances when imaging the foot and ankle.

Prevention of injury to the shoulder through exercises and therapy.

An injury prevention program for the athlete combines conditioning and warm-up with appropriate stretching and strengthening exercises. Rehabilitation after injury is necessary and must include not only re-establishment of strength but also an aggressive program for restoring and maintaining muscle length.

Arthrography of the shoulder.

Arthrography of the shoulder is a simple, safe, and relatively painless diagnostic procedure that is used to demonstrate the integrity, shape, and capacity of the glenohumeral joint space.