The Management of Gonorrhea in the Era of Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance: What Primary Care Clinicians Should Know.

Gonorrhea rates continue to rise in the United States and Neisseria gonorrhoeae's propensity to develop resistance to all therapies used for treatment has complicated the management of gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone is the only remaining highly effective recommended regimen for gonococcal treatment and few new anti-gonococcal antimicrobials are being developed. The 2021 CDC STI Treatment Guidelines increased the dose of ceftriaxone to 500 mg (1 g if ≥ 150 kg) for uncomplicated infections.

Breastfeeding by Disability Status in the United States: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2018-2020.

To describe breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding at 1, 2, and 3 months, and information sources on breastfeeding among women with a recent live birth by disability status. We analyzed October 2018 to December 2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 24 sites in the United States that included the Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability (seeing, hearing, walking or climbing stairs, remembering or concentrating, self-care, communicating). We defined disability as reporting "a lot of difficulty" or "cannot do this at all" on any of these questions.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and implications for population immunity: Evidence from two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Kenya, February-December 2022.

Background: We sought to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence within representative samples of the Kenyan population during the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the second year of COVID-19 vaccine use.

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional serosurveys among randomly selected, age-stratified samples of Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) residents in Kilifi and Nairobi. Anti-spike (anti-S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus was measured using a validated in-house ELISA and antibody concentrations estimated with reference to the WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin.

The Prevalence of Anemia in Children Aged 6-23 Months and its Correlates Differ by District in Kapilvastu and Achham Districts in Nepal.

Background: Analyses of predictors of anemia or malnutrition often pool national or regional data, which may hide variability at subnational levels.

Objectives: We sought to identify the risk factors for anemia in young Nepali children aged 6-23 mo in 2 districts: Kapilvastu and Achham.

Methods: This is an analysis of two cross-sectional surveys that were conducted as part of a program evaluation of an infant and young child feeding and micronutrient powder intervention that included anemia as a primary outcome.

Application of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) model to identify predictors of two self-reported hand hygiene behaviors (handwashing and hand sanitizer use) to prevent COVID-19 infection among U.S. adults, Fall 2020.

Background: Handwashing with soap and water is an important way to prevent transmission of viruses and bacteria and worldwide it is estimated handwashing can prevent 1 in 5 viral respiratory infections. Frequent handwashing is associated with a decreased risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol when handwashing is not feasible can also help prevent the transmission of viruses and bacteria.

Single-target detection of based on improved YOLOv5s.

To address the issues of low detection accuracy and poor effect caused by small data samples and small target sizes. This article proposes the snails detection algorithm, the YOLOv5s-ECA-vfnet based on improved YOLOv5s, by using YOLOv5s as the basic target detection model and optimizing the loss function to improve target learning ability for specific regions. The experimental findings show that the snail detection method of the YOLOv5s-ECA-vfnet, the precision (P), the recall (R) and the mean Average Precision (mAP) of the algorithm are improved by 1.

[Noise exposure and its impact on health in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise].

To learn about the noise exposure and health status of workers and analyze factors that may affect the health outcomes of workers in an auto manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City. In September 2020, occupational hygiene survey, noise exposure level detection and occupational health examination data collection were carried out in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health effects of noise exposure and hearing loss of 361 noise exposure workers.

OPTN attenuates the neurotoxicity of abnormal Tau protein by restoring autophagy.

OPTN is an autophagy receptor involved in autophagic degradation. Here we studied the role of OPTN in attenuating the neurotoxicity induced by mutated Tau protein. We constructed recombinant adeno-associated viruses with OPTN and Tau-P301L genes, respectively.

Disclosure and help-seeking behaviors related to sexual and physical violence in childhood and adolescence: Results from the Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey.

Background: Violence disclosure and help-seeking can mitigate adverse health effects associated with childhood violence, but little is known about facilitators and barriers of disclosure and help-seeking behaviors in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: To understand factors associated with disclosure and help-seeking to inform care.

Participants And Setting: Participants aged 13-24 years old in the 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS).

Policy and practice of checking vaccination status at school in 2018, a global overview.

Background: Checking vaccination status at school is widely recommended as a strategy to strengthen routine childhood vaccination coverage. Documentation of approaches, challenges, strengths, and impact of this strategy in a variety of contexts is key to enhancing adoption and implementation. However, there is limited information about the prevalence of policies and the implementation of checking vaccination status at school globally.

COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and uptake in a national prospective cohort of essential workers.

Introduction: In a multi-center prospective cohort of essential workers, we assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) by vaccine intention, prior SARS-CoV-2 positivity, and occupation, and their impact on vaccine uptake over time.

Methods: Initiated in July 2020, the HEROES-RECOVER cohort provided socio-demographics and COVID-19 vaccination data. Using two follow-up surveys approximately three months apart, COVID-19 vaccine KAP, intention, and receipt was collected; the first survey categorized participants as reluctant, reachable, or endorser.

Enhancing Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Cisgender Women, Strengthening the US Response to Resistant Gonorrhea, 2018 to 2019.

Background: Cisgender women have been underrepresented in antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea (ARGC) surveillance systems. Three of 8 project sites (City of Milwaukee [MIL], Guilford County [GRB], Denver County [DEN]), funded under the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Strengthening the US Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), focused efforts to better include cisgender women in ARGC surveillance.

Methods: MIL, GRB, and DEN partnered with diverse health care settings and developed gonorrhea culture criteria to facilitate urogenital specimen collection in cisgender women and men.

[Application of five methods in the occupational health risk assessment of workers exposed to welding fumes].

To assess the health risks of welding fume jobs with five occupational health risk assessment methods, and to compare the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of these methods in the health risk assessment of welding fume. The International Commission for Mining and Metals (ICMM) occupational health risk assessment method, MES method, the qualitative method and comprehensive index method in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" were used to assess the risk of welding fume exposure positions in four manufacturing enterprises in Tianjin in March, 2020. The assessment results of different methods were standardized by risk ratio () .

TMEM41B Is a Pan-flavivirus Host Factor.

Flaviviruses pose a constant threat to human health. These RNA viruses are transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and ticks and regularly cause outbreaks. To identify host factors required for flavivirus infection, we performed full-genome loss of function CRISPR-Cas9 screens.

Handwashing and disinfection precautions taken by U.S. adults to prevent coronavirus disease 2019, Spring 2020.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess self-reported hygiene precautions taken by U.S. adults during spring 2020 to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify demographic characteristics associated with these hygiene precautions.

Prevalence of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence and associations with mental distress in Cambodia, Malawi and Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Research from high-income countries shows that witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) between caregivers is experienced by up to a third of all children and is related to poor mental health outcomes. Much less is known about the burden of witnessing IPV in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives: This study seeks to explore the magnitude of witnessing IPV between caregivers, its association with other types of violence and the relationship between witnessing IPV in the past and current mental distress.

Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. These differences are important considerations for vaccine development efforts and data from large countries in Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to determine serotypes and genotypes of GBS isolates from pregnant women and their newborns in Ethiopia.

[Research progress on the effects of welding fumes exposure on lung].

Welding is an important industrial activity worldwide which involving millions of practitioners. Due to the influence of welding method, welding dust concentration, ventilation, weather and other factors, the exposure of the welder is different. And resulting in different respiratory symptoms, including decreased lung function, welder's pneumoconiosis and even lung cancer, which seriously affects the life quality of the worker.

TMEM41B is a pan-flavivirus host factor.

Unlabelled: Flaviviruses pose a constant threat to human health. These RNA viruses are transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and ticks and regularly cause outbreaks. To identify host factors required for flavivirus infection we performed full-genome loss of function CRISPR-Cas9 screens.

Detection of baloxavir resistant influenza A viruses using next generation sequencing and pyrosequencing methods.

Baloxavir, a new antiviral drug targeting cap-dependent endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein of influenza viruses, is now approved in multiple countries. Several substitutions at isoleucine 38 in PA protein (e.g.

Long-term PM exposure increases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression by enhancing interleukin-17a (IL-17a)-regulated proliferation and metastasis.

PM is a class of airborne particles and droplets with sustained high levels in many developing countries. Epidemiological studies have indicated that PM is closely associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of lung cancer in the world. Unfortunately, the effects of PM on lung cancer are largely unknown.

Characterizing the weight-glycemia phenotypes of type 1 diabetes in youth and young adulthood.

Introduction: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) present with diverse body weight status and degrees of glycemic control, which may warrant different treatment approaches. We sought to identify subgroups sharing phenotypes based on weight and glycemia and compare characteristics across subgroups.

Research Design And Methods: Participants with T1D in the SEARCH study cohort (n=1817, 6.