A Concept Mapping Study to Understand Multilevel Resilience Resources Among African American/Black Adults Living with HIV in the Southern United States.

Resilience may help people living with HIV (PLWH) overcome adversities to disease management. This study identifies multilevel resilience resources among African American/Black (AA/B) PLWH and examines whether resilience resources differ by demographics and neighborhood risk environments. We recruited participants and conducted concept mapping at two clinics in the southeastern United States.

Psychological well-being as part of the public health debate? Insight into dimensions, interventions, and policy.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with lower disease and mortality risk, and may be enhanced with relatively low-cost interventions. Yet, dissemination of these interventions remains limited, in part because insufficient attention has been paid to distinct PWB dimensions, which may impact physical health outcomes differently.

Methods: This essay first reviews the empirical evidence regarding differential relationships between all-cause mortality and multiple dimensions of PWB (e.

Examining neighborhood poverty-based disparities in HIV/STI prevalence: an analysis of Add Health data.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of exposure to neighborhood poverty in adolescence on HIV/STI prevalence in early adulthood.

Methods: Longitudinal data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analyzed. The primary exposure was living in a high- versus medium/low-poverty neighborhood during wave I.

The Relationship Between Discrimination and Missed HIV Care Appointments Among Women Living with HIV.

Receiving regular HIV care is crucial for maintaining good health among persons with HIV. However, racial and gender disparities in HIV care receipt exist. Discrimination and its impact may vary by race/ethnicity and gender, contributing to disparities.

The role of therapist MI skill and client change talk class membership predicting dual alcohol and sex risk outcomes.

Objective: We investigated the technical model of motivational interviewing (MI) in a dual-outcome intervention (i.e., alcohol, sexual risk; N = 164; 57% female).

Economic conditions during pregnancy and preterm birth: A maternal fixed-effects analysis.

Background: Making causal inference regarding impacts of macrolevel economic conditions during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes is hampered by the presence of unmeasured variables that may influence women's probability of giving birth under certain economic conditions (ie, exposure) as well as her pregnancy outcomes. Maternal fixed-effects (FE) analyses, in which the association between exposure and outcomes is estimated within mothers who had discordant outcomes, can control for such unmeasured variables when they are invariant across pregnancies.

Methods: We utilised a maternally linked data set of all singleton births in Michigan from 1990 to 2012 (n = 2 657 272 for full sample; n = 269 943 for FE analytic sample) to examine the relationship between state-level unemployment rates during pregnancy and preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks' gestation).

Resilience and HIV: a review of the definition and study of resilience.

We use a socioecological model of health to define resilience, review the definition and study of resilience among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the existing peer-reviewed literature, and discuss the strengths and limitations of how resilience is defined and studied in HIV research. We conducted a review of resilience research for HIV-related behaviors/outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, clinic attendance, CD4 cell count, viral load, viral suppression, and/or immune functioning among PLWH. We performed searches using PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar databases.

A sequential analysis of motivational interviewing technical skills and client responses.

Background: The technical hypothesis of Motivational Interviewing (MI) proposes that: (a) client talk favoring behavior change, or Change Talk (CT) is associated with better behavior change outcomes, whereas client talk against change, or Sustain Talk (ST) is associated with less favorable outcomes, and (b) specific therapist verbal behaviors influence whether client CT or ST occurs. MI consistent (MICO) therapist behaviors are hypothesized to be positively associated with more client CT and MI inconsistent (MIIN) behaviors with more ST. Previous studies typically examine session-level frequency counts or immediate lag sequential associations between these variables.

Survival-related Selection Bias in Studies of Racial Health Disparities: The Importance of the Target Population and Study Design.

The impact of survival-related selection bias has not always been discussed in relevant studies of racial health disparities. Moreover, the analytic approaches most frequently employed in the epidemiologic literature to minimize selection bias are difficult to implement appropriately in racial disparities research. This difficulty stems from the fact that frequently employed analytic techniques require that common causes of survival and the outcome are accurately measured.

Risk factors for self-report of not receiving an HIV test among adolescents in NYC with a history of sexual intercourse, 2013 YRBS.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has previously recommended that all adolescents undergo HIV testing in the United States (US). Despite these recommendations, national HIV testing among US adolescents has remained low. This study estimated the prevalence of and identified risk factors for not receiving an HIV test among adolescents with a history of sexual intercourse in New York City (NYC), an urban area that has been greatly impacted by the HIV epidemic.

Evaluating the Population Impact on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV in Adulthood of Intervening on Specific Targets: A Conceptual and Methodological Framework.

Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a high priority. Reductions in HIV racial/ethnic disparities can potentially be achieved by intervening on important intermediate factors. The potential population impact of intervening on intermediates can be evaluated using observational data when certain conditions are met.

Neighborhood Environments and Sexual Risk Behaviors for HIV Infection Among U.S. Women: A Systematic Review.

Empirical evidence indicates that aspects of the neighborhood environment may affect HIV prevention efforts. Therefore, the neighborhood environment should be considered when implementing prevention interventions. However, much of the empirical evidence is derived from studies conducted among drug users, men, or adolescents.