[Heritability of coronary heart disease, based on the data from the Chinese adult twins].

To analyze the heritability of coronary heart disease (CHD) among the Chinese twin adults. A total of 20 477 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older from the Chinese National Twin Registry were interviewed. Structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability of CHD.

Fatal Methanol Poisoning Caused by Drinking Adulterated Locally Distilled Alcohol: Wakiso District, Uganda, June 2017.

Background: Methanol, an industrial solvent, can cause illness and death if ingested. In June 2017, the Uganda Ministry of Health was notified of a cluster of deaths which occurred after drinking alcohol. We investigated to determine the cause of outbreak, identify risk factors, and recommend evidence-based control measures.

[Analysis on cluster cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin].

To understand the characteristics of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Tianjin, and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. The data of all the COVID-19 cluster cases in Tianjin, reported by 22 February 2020, were collected to analyze the characteristics of different types of the clusters. A total of 115 COVID-19 cases were reported in 33 clusters in Tianjin included 28 family clusters (71 cases), 1 work place cluster (10 cases), 3 transport vehicle clusters (8 cases) and 1 public place cluster (26 cases).

[Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin].

To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin. The clinical and epidemiological data of 135 cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin were collected, and the data were analyzed with descriptive method. The factors influencing the severity of the illness were analyzed.

[Epidemiological investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin].

To investigate and analysis the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster epidemic of COIVD-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin, evduate the prevention and control measures based on limited evidence and experience in early period of COVID-19 epidemic. Descriptive research method was used to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the cluster cases of COVID-19. Since the onset of the first index case on January 15, ten confirmed COVID-19 cases had occurred in the workplace, and the epidemic had spread from the workplace to 4 families, infecting 7 family members.

[Analysis of the long-term trend of mortality and years of life lost of gastric cancer in Tianjin from 1999 to 2015].

To analyze the long-term trend of mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of gastric cancer in Tianjin from 1999 to 2015. From January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015, the data of gastric cancer deaths was collected from the Tianjin death surveillance system. The inclusion criteria of death due to gastric cancer were coded by using 151 in the 9(th) edition of the international classification of diseases (ICD) (1999-2002) and C16 in the 10(th) edition of ICD (2003-2015).

Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2017-2018.

The global analysis of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility of influenza viruses has been conducted since the 2012-13 period. In 2018 a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, baloxavir, that targets polymerase acidic subunit (PA) was approved for the treatment of influenza virus infection in Japan and the United States. For this annual report, the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to NAIs and baloxavir were analyzed.

Molecular detection of free-living amoebae from Namhangang (southern Han River) in Korea.

The free-living amoebae Naegleria spp. and Acanthamoeba spp. exist in the natural environment and are sometimes causal agents of lethal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), amoebic keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in humans, respectively.

Traveller-associated high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky in the Republic of Korea.

Objective: Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 (S. Kentucky) is frequently associated with human infections and has been identified in travellers to North Africa, South Asia, Europe, and North America. The antimicrobial resistance of this serotype to multiple drugs, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), is a growing concern.

Influence of anonymous HIV testing on national HIV surveillance in the Republic of Korea (2000 to 2015): a retrospective analysis.

Background: Owing to the continuous increase in the number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Korea, public health centers (PHCs) have performed anonymous tests since 1989. No study has examined the patterns of anonymous HIV testing performed at PHCs and the characteristics of HIV infection detected in those tests. We aimed to assess the influence of anonymous HIV testing on Korea's national HIV surveillance.

Cryptococcal Antigenemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Ugandans With Virologic Failure.

Background: Detectable serum or plasma cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) precedes symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis. The World Health Organization recommends CrAg screening for human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons with CD4 count <100 cells/μL initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, an increasing proportion of patients with cryptococcosis are now ART experienced.

Implications of Mobile Genetic Elements for Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Subtyping and Source Tracking Investigations.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used for whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based subtyping of foodborne pathogens in outbreak and source tracking investigations. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are commonly present in bacterial genomes and may affect SNP subtyping results if their evolutionary history and dynamics differ from that of the bacterial chromosomes. Using as a model organism, we surveyed major categories of MGEs, including plasmids, phages, insertion sequences, integrons, and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), in 990 genomes representing 21 major serotypes of We evaluated whether plasmids and chromosomal MGEs affect SNP subtyping with 9 outbreak clusters of different serotypes found in the United States in 2018.

Improving Pneumovirus Isolation Using a Centrifugation and AZD1480 Combined Method.

The isolation of respiratory viruses, especially from clinical specimens, often shows poor efficiency with classical cell culture methods. The lack of suitable methods to generate virus particles inhibits the development of diagnostic assays, treatments, and vaccines. We compared three inoculation methods, classical cell culture, the addition of a JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480, and centrifugation-enhanced inoculation (CEI), to replicate human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV).

Detection of Cryptosporidium Recovered from Large-Volume Water Samples Using Dead-End Ultrafiltration.

The procedure described here provides instructions for detection of Cryptosporidium recovered from large-volume water samples. Water samples are collected by dead-end ultrafiltration in the field and ultrafilters are processed in a laboratory. Microbes recovered from the filters are further concentrated and subjected to Cryptosporidium isolation or nucleic acid extraction methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts or Cryptosporidium DNA.

The role of international travellers in the spread of CTX-M-15-producing Shigella sonnei in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates have recently emerged as a serious public health threat worldwide. In particular, overseas travel is a risk factor for acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella strains. To explore the role of travel in the spread of cefotaxime-resistant Shigella sonnei in Korea, we screened 751 Shigella spp.

[Analysis on the alterative trend of colorectal cancer mortality from 1999 to 2015 in Tianjin of China].

To investigate the mortality of colorectal cancer and its trend from 1999 to 2015 in Tianjin, China, and to explore the mortality features in different populations in order to provide data for prevention and control strategies of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer mortality data between 1999 and 2015 were collected from Tianjin population based mortality surveillance system maintained by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Population data of permanent residents were collected from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau.

Rickettsia parkeri and "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" in Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from the Atlanta metropolitan area, Georgia, United States.

Rickettsia parkeri is a recently recognized human pathogen transmitted in the southeastern United States by Amblyomma maculatum, the Gulf Coast tick. Since R. parkeri was conclusively identified as a human pathogen in 2004, over 40 cases of R.

Evolution of P[8], P[4], and P[6] VP8* genes of human rotaviruses globally reported during 1974 and 2017: possible implications for rotavirus vaccines in development.

Non-replicating parenteral rotavirus (RV) vaccine candidates are in development in an attempt to overcome the lower efficacy and effectiveness of oral RV vaccines in low-income countries. One of the leading candidates is a truncated recombinant VP8* protein, expressed in from original sequences of the prototype RV genotypes P[8], P[4], or P[6] isolated before 1983. Since VP8* is highly variable, it was considered useful to examine the evolutionary changes of RV strains reported worldwide over time in relation to the three P2-VP8 vaccine strains.

Effect of Plasmodium falciparum sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance on the effectiveness of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine threatens the antimalarial effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the associations between markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in P falciparum and the effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine IPTp for malaria-associated outcomes.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched databases (from Jan 1, 1990 to March 1, 2018) for clinical studies (aggregated data) or surveys (individual participant data) that reported data on low birthweight (primary outcome) and malaria by sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine IPTp dose, and for studies that reported on molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance.

[Biological exposure limits caused by co exposure to fluoride and arsenic based on Wnt signaling pathway].

Chronic fluoride-arsenic combined poisoning is a global public health problem. While the cause of the disease is clear, the pathogenesis is unknown. Given that there is no specific treatment, early prevention is particularly important.

Silencing GSK3β instead of DKK1 can inhibit osteogenic differentiation caused by co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic.

Chronic exposure to combined fluoride (F) and arsenic (As) continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, attracting the attention of an increasing number of researchers. While bone is the main target organ of syndrome of endemic arsenic poisoning and fluorosis (SEAF), the specific mechanism and targeted intervention remains uncertain. The first question in this study sought to determine the interaction of F and As on the Wnt signaling pathway and its role in osteogenic differentiation in the SEAF population.