Bat-Borne Pathogens and Public Health in Rural African Artisanal Gold Mines.

Marburg virus, the first filovirus discovered and a close cousin to the Ebola virus, is carried by the Egyptian rousette bat, a common cave-dwelling fruit bat endemic to sub-Saharan Africa whose populations can exceed 50 000 individuals. Community outbreaks of Marburg virus can result in high morbidity rates. In eastern Africa, favorite habitats of these bats include rural subterranean gold mines-sometimes worked illegally-that create environments conducive to zoonotic virus transmission.

Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza: Communication, Training, and Guidance Needs of Public Health Officials.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the needs of state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health officials in communicating, implementing, and monitoring nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during an influenza pandemic.

Methods: A Web-based survey collected data from a nonrandom sample of STLT health departments.

Results: A total of 267 of 346 public health officials responded (77.

Primary Care Physicians Beliefs about Prostate-Specific Antigen Evidence Uncertainty, Screening Efficacy, and Test Use.

Background/purpose: Little is known about primary care physicians' (PCPs) beliefs about prostate cancer screening efficacy, evidence uncertainty, and their actual screening behaviors. We examined factors associated with PCP beliefs about screening efficacy and uncertainty and whether beliefs were associated with prostate specific-antigen (PSA) test use.

Methods: The 2008 National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Practices Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening collected information on physicians' attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to prostate cancer and screening (n=1,256).

Reducing Fall Risk in Older Adults.

: Evidence supports addressing medication management.

Opioid Prescribing in the United States.

Evidence-based information for nurses on the risks and benefits of prescription opioids.

Keeping Recess in Schools.

forward to recess - the one or more breaks in the school day that allow them to get outside, spend time with friends, and be active. In a school with 300 students, 600 feet will be outside in the physical activity area or playground every day. If students are active for an average of 1,062 steps during recess (Erwin et al.

Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the United States: Persistent and Emerging Threats to Human Health.

In the United States, ticks transmit the greatest diversity of arthropod-borne pathogens and are responsible for the most cases of all vector-borne diseases. In recent decades, the number of reported cases of notifiable tick-borne diseases has steadily increased, geographic distributions of many ticks and tick-borne diseases have expanded, and new tick-borne disease agents have been recognized. In this review, we (1) describe the known disease agents associated with the most commonly human-biting ixodid ticks, (2) review the natural histories of these ticks and their associated pathogens, (3) highlight spatial and temporal changes in vector tick distributions and tick-borne disease occurrence in recent decades, and (4) identify knowledge gaps and barriers to more effective prevention of tick-borne diseases.

Prevalence of Smoking and Obesity Among U.S. Cancer Survivors: Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, 2008-2012.

Purpose/objectives: To describe smoking and obesity prevalence among male and female cancer survivors in the United States.
.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Examining Adherence With Recommendations for Follow-Up in the Prevention Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors Study.

Purpose/objectives: To explore the impact of health professionals' recommendations for medical follow-up among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Mailed surveys and telephone interviews with CRC survivors in California.

The role of primary care physician assistants in managing chronic hepatitis B.

This article informs physician assistants of an algorithm designed for primary care practice to guide the screening of patients for hepatitis B virus infection. The algorithm also provides guidance on evaluation, follow-up, and referral of patients who screen positive. The algorithm is a synthesis of several published, evidence-based practice guidelines and reports.

Improving the Weight of the Nation by engaging the medical setting in obesity prevention and control.

This manuscript highlights examples of strategies that have made strides in improving the quality of health care environments, systems-level improvements to support self-management, and collaborations between primary care and public health to support effective approaches to prevent obesity among children and adults in the U.S.

Obesity prevention in the early care and education setting: successful initiatives across a spectrum of opportunities.

With an estimated 12.1% of children aged 2-5 years already obese, prevention efforts must target our youngest children. One of the best places to reach young children for such efforts is the early care and education setting (ECE).

Consumer Support for Policies to Reduce the Sodium Content in School Cafeterias.

Purpose/objectives: The objective of this study was to assess consumer support for policies lowering the sodium content of cafeteria foods in schools.

Methods: Data were used from 9,634 adults aged ≥18 years who responded to questions about sodium in general and in school foods in a 2010 national mail panel survey. Prevalence of consumer support was determined and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios.

Postpartum and neonatal nursing care during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.

We describe select influenza infection control policies and practices related to postpartum and newborn care during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. In an online survey of obstetric and neonatal nurses, significantly more nurses indicated a written hospital policy supporting each of the practices during versus before the pandemic. The two practices least often implemented were temporary separation of healthy newborns from ill mothers (37.

Risk factors for mortality during the 2002 landslides in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.

This study examines health effects resulting from landslides in Chuuk during Tropical Storm Chata'an in July 2002, and suggests strategies to prevent future mortality. In August 2002, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify risk factors for mortality during landslides, which included 52 survivors and 40 surrogates for 43 decedents to identify risk factors for death. Findings suggest that 1) females had a higher mortality rate from this event than males, and 2) children aged 5-14 years had a 10-fold increase in mortality when compared with annual mortality rates from all causes.

Empowerment evaluation: building prevention science and organizational capacity to prevent sexual violence.

The articles in this special issue all result from the employment of empowerment evaluation with the intention of furthering the field of sexual violence prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's goals were to build the science toward evidence-based programming and to build evaluation capacity among leaders in the sexual violence field. Other undefined benefits also resulted, including the facilitation of implementation of program improvements and the development of capacities that can be generalized across other aspects of the participants' work.

Non-genetic risk factors for gastroschisis.

Gastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect typically located to the right of the umbilical cord in which intestines and occasionally other abdominal contents herniate through the abdominal wall opening. The etiology of this defect is unknown. The increased recurrence risks observed in families with a child with gastroschisis suggest that genetic factors play a role in its causation.