Widespread geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) kdr variants in Panama.

We searched for evidence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from Panama. Conventional PCR was performed on 469 Ae. aegypti and 349 Ae.

Predicted Heart Age and Life's Essential 8 Among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015-March 2020.

Introduction: This study examined the association between American Heart Association's (AHA) cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics, Life's Essential 8 (LE8), and predicted heart age among U.S. adults.

Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of commercial anti-dengue virus IgG tests to identify persons eligible for dengue vaccination.

Unlabelled: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that dengue pre-vaccination screening tests for Dengvaxia administration have at least 98% specificity and 75% sensitivity. This study evaluates the performance of commercial anti-DENV IgG tests to identify tests that could be used for pre-vaccination screening. First, for seven tests, we evaluated sensitivity and specificity in early convalescent dengue virus (DENV) infection, using 44 samples collected 7-30 days after symptom onset and confirmed by RT-PCR.

Facilitators and barriers to monitoring and evaluation at syringe service programs.

Background: Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide harm reduction supplies and services to people who use drugs and are often required by funders or partners to collect data from program participants. SSPs can use these data during monitoring and evaluation (M&E) to inform programmatic decision making, however little is known about facilitators and barriers to collecting and using data at SSPs.

Methods: Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted 12 key informant interviews with SSP staff to describe the overall landscape of data systems at SSPs, understand facilitators and barriers to data collection and use at SSPs, and generate recommendations for best practices for data collection at SSPs.

Inverse Probability Weighting to Estimate Impacts of Hypothetical Occupational Limits on Radon Exposure to Reduce Lung Cancer.

Radon is a known cause of lung cancer. Protective standards for radon exposure are derived largely from studies of working populations that are prone to healthy worker survivor bias. This bias can lead to under-protection of workers and is a key barrier to understanding health effects of many exposures.

Developing Infectious Disease Outbreak Emergency Communications for Populations With Limited English Proficiency: Insights to Sustain Collaborations Between Local Health Departments and Community-Based Organizations.

Purpose: State and local public health departments (LHDs) are encouraged to collaborate with community-based organizations (CBOs) to enhance communication and promote protective practices with communities made vulnerable during emergencies, but there is little evidence-based understanding of practical approaches to fostering collaboration in this context. This research focuses on how collaboration enhances LHD capacity for effective communication for people with limited English proficiency (LEP) during infectious disease outbreaks specifically and strategies to facilitate productive LHD-CBO collaboration.

Design: Qualitative, telephone interviews, conducted March-October 2021.

Phylogeography and reassortment patterns of human influenza A viruses in sub-Saharan Africa.

The role of sub-Saharan Africa in the global spread of influenza viruses remains unclear due to insufficient spatiotemporal sequence data. Here, we analyzed 222 codon-complete sequences of influenza A viruses (IAVs) sampled between 2011 and 2013 from five countries across sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mali, Gambia, and South Africa); these genomes were compared with 1209 contemporaneous global genomes using phylogeographical approaches. The spread of influenza in sub-Saharan Africa was characterized by (i) multiple introductions of IAVs into the region over consecutive influenza seasons, with viral importations originating from multiple global geographical regions, some of which persisted in circulation as intra-subtype reassortants for multiple seasons, (ii) virus transfer between sub-Saharan African countries, and (iii) virus export from sub-Saharan Africa to other geographical regions.

Dimensions of wisdom perception across twelve countries on five continents.

Wisdom is the hallmark of social judgment, but how people across cultures recognize wisdom remains unclear-distinct philosophical traditions suggest different views of wisdom's cardinal features. We explore perception of wise minds across 16 socio-economically and culturally diverse convenience samples from 12 countries. Participants assessed wisdom exemplars, non-exemplars, and themselves on 19 socio-cognitive characteristics, subsequently rating targets' wisdom, knowledge, and understanding.

Health Service Utilization Patterns Among Medicaid Enrollees With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Pandemic Response and Recovery Efforts.

Objectives: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on health service utilization of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) through an analysis of Medicaid claims data.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of Medicaid claims.

Setting And Participants: Medicaid members aged 25 to 64 years from January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2021, from the states of Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming.

Incidence and predictors of attrition from HIV treatment among adults living with HIV in high-caseload facilities following implementation of universal test and treat strategy in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The introduction of universal test and treat (UTT) strategy has demonstrated a reduction in attrition in some low-resource settings. UTT was introduced in Ethiopia in 2016. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and predictors of attrition from HIV treatment in Ethiopia.

Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and RSV and associated presenteeism and absenteeism among healthcare personnel, Israel, influenza seasons 2016 to 2019.

BackgroundHealthcare personnel (HCP) are at high risk for respiratory infections through occupational exposure to respiratory viruses.AimWe used data from a prospective influenza vaccine effectiveness study in HCP to quantify the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their associated presenteeism and absenteeism.MethodsAt the start and end of each season, HCP at two Israeli hospitals provided serum to screen for antibodies to influenza virus using the haemagglutination inhibition assay.

Association between longest-held occupation and mortality risk.

Background: Occupation is associated with a large part of daily activities, affecting lifestyle and social status. However, limited research exists on the association between longest-held occupation (LHO) and early mortality. We examine if LHO is associated with mortality risk among US adults 51 years of age and older.

The Uganda housing modification study - association between housing characteristics and malaria burden in a moderate to high transmission setting in Uganda.

Background: Scale up of proven malaria control interventions has not been sufficient to control malaria in Uganda, emphasizing the need to explore innovative new approaches. Improved housing is one such promising strategy. This paper describes housing characteristics and their association with malaria burden in a moderate to high transmission setting in Uganda.

Impact of smoking on cost-effectiveness of 10-48 years of periodontal care.

The study aims were (1) to explore whether "periodontal treatment" consisting of surgical therapy (flap, resective, or regenerative) or scaling and root planing treatment with long-term periodontal maintenance treatment, is cost-effective in terms of preventing periodontitis-attributable tooth extraction and replacement by implant-supported crowns ("extraction/replacement"); (2) to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on this cost-effectiveness. Data for this observational retrospective study were collected from dental charts of patients who had received periodontal therapy and at least annual follow-up visits for >10 years were analyzed by linear regression generalized estimating equations and generalized linear models. Among 399 adults (199 males, 200 females), those with the least mean annual treatment cost experienced the greatest mean annual costs for extraction/replacement, indicating general cost-effectiveness.

Mortality Surveillance for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Multiple System Strategy.

Mortality surveillance systems can have limitations, including reporting delays, incomplete reporting, missing data, and insufficient detail on important risk or sociodemographic factors that can impact the accuracy of estimates of current trends, disease severity, and related disparities across subpopulations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention used multiple data systems during the COVID-19 emergency response-line-level case‒death surveillance, aggregate death surveillance, and the National Vital Statistics System-to collectively provide more comprehensive and timely information on COVID-19‒associated mortality necessary for informed decisions. This article will review in detail the line-level, aggregate, and National Vital Statistics System surveillance systems and the purpose and use of each.

FDA, CDC, and NIH Co-sponsored Public Workshop Summary-Development Considerations of Antimicrobial Drugs for the Treatment of Gonorrhea.

There is an unmet need for developing drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea, due to rapidly evolving resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae against antimicrobial drugs used for empiric therapy, an increase in globally reported multidrug resistant cases, and the limited available therapeutic options. Furthermore, few drugs are under development. Development of antimicrobials is hampered by challenges in clinical trial design, limitations of available diagnostics, changes in and varying standards of care, lack of robust animal models, and clinically relevant pharmacodynamic targets.

Summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Self-reported Traumatic Brain Injury Survey Efforts.

Objective: Surveillance of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including concussion, in the United States has historically relied on healthcare administrative datasets, but these methods likely underestimate the true burden of TBI. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently added TBI prevalence questions to several national surveys. The objective of this article is to summarize their recent efforts and report TBI prevalence estimates.

A Framework for Response Escalation and Emergency Response Asset Management.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) responds to public health emergencies at various levels within its organization. Overtime, CDC's response capabilities have matured across the organization due to years of emergency management investment and experience across the agency. In 2019, CDC began to implement the Graduated Response Framework to formalize an approach for managing public health emergencies that recognizes its response capabilities and meets the evolving needs of the country.