48,448 results match your criteria: "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[Affiliation]"

Concordance Between Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Among Children and Pregnant Persons in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999-2020.

J Nutr

December 2024

International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) Program, Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Hemoglobin and hematocrit are common tests to identify anemia, but their results can differ significantly, particularly in children and pregnant individuals.
  • The study analyzed data from 7,052 children and 1,437 pregnant persons, revealing that anemia estimates based on hemoglobin and hematocrit varied, with a notable percentage detected by only one test.
  • The findings suggest that using these biomarkers interchangeably could lead to underdiagnosis and lack of treatment for anemia, emphasizing the need for accurate assessments in clinical practice.
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Introduction: Variations in cervical cancer incidence rates and trends have been reported by sociodemographic characteristics. However, research on economic characteristics is limited especially among younger women in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed United States Cancer Statistics data to examine age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rates among women aged 15-29 years during 2007-2020.

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Acute Q fever diagnosis via paired serology is problematic because it requires follow-up for convalescent sample collection; as such, it cannot provide a diagnosis to inform a treatment decision at the time of acute presentation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be a useful approach for the diagnosis of acute Q fever in endemic settings. Among febrile patients enrolled in a sentinel surveillance study for Q fever at two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, from 2012 to 2014, we analyzed those with paired sera for IgG to Coxiella burnetii (C.

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Inhalation exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) during the fabrication of engineered stone-based kitchen countertops has been on the rise in recent years and has become a significant occupational health problem in the United States and globally. Little is known about the presence of nanocrystalline silica (NCS), i.e.

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Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are especially vulnerable to harms from opioid use disorder (OUD). Medications for OUD (MOUD) effectively reduce overdose and infectious disease transmission risks.

Objective: We investigate whether state Medicaid coverage for methadone and buprenorphine is related to past-year MOUD use among PWID using cross-sectional, multilevel analyses with individual-level data on PWID from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2018 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.

N Engl J Med

December 2024

From the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (S.G., K.R., A.C., K.K., C.T.D., M.K.K., S. Ellington, A.M.M., A.B., J.R.B., M.B., M.A.J., M.R.-C., E.B., T.T.S., T.M.U., V.G.D., C.R., S.J.O.); California Department of Public Health, Richmond (E.L.M., S.Z., V.K., D.A.W.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (S.Z., C.D.); Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver (C.D., A.K., M.O.); Mid-Michigan District Health Department, Stanton (J.M.); Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing (S. Eckel); Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City (J.G., G.T.); Benton-Franklin Health District, Kennewick, WA (S.K.); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (A.U.); and Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (E.R.G., C.A.H.).

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from persons with laboratory-confirmed A(H5N1) virus infection using a standardized case-report form linked to laboratory results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza A/H5 subtyping kit.

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The extent to which semi-quantitative antibody levels confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations with heterogenous immune histories is unclear. Two nested case-control studies were designed within the multisite HEROES/RECOVER prospective cohort of frontline workers to study the relationship between antibody levels and protection against first-time post-vaccination infection and reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 from December 2021 to January 2023. All participants submitted weekly nasal swabs for rRT-PCR testing and blood samples quarterly and following infection or vaccination.

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We studied the relationship of frailty and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among a multi-site cohort of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in India. During January 2019‒January 2020, participants completed the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) at baseline and every 3 months at four sites in India, with each participant completing a maximum of four surveys. Participants were categorized as non-frail (0-5 points), vulnerable (6-7 points), and frail (≥8 points) based on EFS score.

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Background: To optimize vaccination strategies, it is useful to detect breakthrough infections and assess vaccine effectiveness in programmatic use. Monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine effectiveness against them is also essential to determine the most effective vaccine options. This study aims to monitor SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, and host immune response during the peri-infection period of COVID-19.

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Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended as an HIV prevention measure for men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed factors associated with PrEP retention and adherence among MSM in Kigali, Rwanda. We undertook a retrospective cross-sectional study and used a questionnaire to obtain PrEP retention and adherence history from MSM enrolled in the key population (KP) program that attended scheduled follow-up clinics from four (4) health facilities between April 2021 to June 2021.

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The Use of HIV Prevention Strategies and Services Reported by Black Women with a Risk for and with HIV in the United States.

AIDS Behav

December 2024

Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.

Black women are disproportionately affected by HIV. We analyzed data from two Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV surveillance systems to better understand HIV prevention strategies used by Black women at risk for and with HIV to help inform efforts to end HIV. Among sexually active Black women, we analyzed 2019 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance data on women without HIV (n = 4,033) and 2018-2020 Medical Monitoring Project data on women with HIV (n = 967).

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Molecular epidemiology of invasive group B Streptococcus in South Africa, 2019-2020.

J Infect Dis

December 2024

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis and an important cause of disease in adults. Capsular polysaccharide and protein-based GBS vaccines are currently under development.

Methods: Through national laboratory-based surveillance, invasive GBS isolates were collected from patients of all ages between 2019 and 2020.

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Background: Despite South Africa's well-established Civil Registration and Vital Statistics system (CRVS) and good completeness of death registration, challenges persist in terms of the quality of cause of death information and the delayed availability of mortality statistics. The introduction of an electronic medical certification of cause of death (eMCCD) system may offer opportunities to improve both the quality and timeliness of this information.

Methods: This study used an exploratory mixed methods design to investigate perceptions surrounding an electronic solution for registering deaths in South Africa.

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Background: In western Kenya, a cluster-randomized trial is assessing the impact of attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) on malaria in children enrolled in three consecutive cohorts. Here, characteristics of children and households at enrolment, and factors associated with baseline malaria prevalence are described.

Methods: Children aged 1 to < 15 years were randomly selected by cluster (n = 70) from a census database.

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Background: In Malawi, compared to adults, adolescents have higher rates of high HIV viremia and poorer antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes. The Ministry of Health, supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), implemented the provision of differentiated care clubs for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), called "teen clubs," to provide psychosocial support and an HIV care package to improve clinical outcomes. We evaluated teen club attendance and factors associated with unsuppressed viral load (VL) in ALHIV enrolled in these teen clubs.

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Objective: The resurgence of syphilis in the United States presents a significant public health challenge. Much of the information needed for syphilis surveillance resides in electronic health records (EHRs). In this manuscript, we describe a surveillance platform for automating the extraction of EHR data, known as SmartChart Suite, and the results from a pilot.

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Trace measurement of aerosol chemical composition in workplace atmospheres requires the development of high-throughput aerosol collectors that are compact, hand-portable, and can be operated using personal pumps. We describe the design and characterization of a compact, high flow, Turbulent-mixing Condensation Aerosol-in-Liquid Concentrator (TCALC) that allows direct collection of aerosols as liquid suspensions, for off-line chemical, biological, or microscopy analysis. The TCALC unit, measuring approximately 12 × 16 × 18 cm, operates at an aerosol sample flowrate of up to 10 L min, using rapid mixing of a hot flow saturated with water vapor and a cold aerosol sample flow, thereby promoting condensational growth of aerosol particles.

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Irrigating fresh produce with contaminated water contributes to the burden of foodborne illness. Identifying fecal contamination of irrigation waters and characterizing fecal sources and associated environmental factors can help inform fresh produce safety and health hazard management. Using two previously collected data sets, we developed and evaluated the performance of logistic regression and conditional random forest models for predicting general and human-specific fecal contamination of ponds in southwest Georgia used for fresh produce irrigation.

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The performance of a novel diagnostic criteria for neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients.

Sci Rep

December 2024

Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for STD Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.

Diagnosing neurosyphilis in clinical settings poses significant challenges due to the absence of highly efficient diagnostic criteria. Our objective was to enhance the existing diagnostic criteria and assess their sensitivity and specificity for identifying neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients. We conducted a retrospective review of patient records from a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2019 and May 2023.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on understanding how IgG antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 behave over time in a group of people from Puerto Rico, especially in relation to vaccination and prior infections.
  • Researchers conducted a longitudinal analysis with participants providing regular samples for testing from June 2020 to August 2022, allowing them to assess how antibody levels changed based on factors like vaccination status and the timing of infections.
  • Findings revealed that a significant majority of participants showed increased antibody prevalence by the end of the study, with vaccinations contributing substantially to IgG levels, while a third booster dose was effective in enhancing and prolonging antibody response.
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Post rotavirus vaccine introduction in Mozambique (September 2015), we documented a decline in rotavirus-associated diarrhoea and genotypes changes in our diarrhoeal surveillance spanning 2008-2021. This study aimed to perform whole-genome sequencing of rotavirus strains from 2009 to 2012 (pre-vaccine) and 2017-2018 (post-vaccine). Rotavirus strains previously detected by conventional PCR as G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[4], G8P[4], G8P[6], and G9P[6] from children with moderate-to-severe and less-severe diarrhoea and without diarrhoea (healthy community controls) were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed using bioinformatics tools.

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Characterization of serological responses to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is of interest to understand disease burden and transmission dynamics; however, their interpretation is challenging. Dried blood spots from 30,815 participants aged 6 months to 15 years from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey were analyzed by multiplex bead-based assay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) to Pf-stage-specific MSP-1, AMA-1, GLURPR0, LSA-1, and CSP. These IgG levels were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA).

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Background: Serology for dengue viruses (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) has been hindered by antibody cross-reactivity, which limits the utility of these tests for surveillance and assessment of sero-status. Our aim was to develop a multiplexed IgG-based assay with increased accuracy to assess the history of previous DENV and ZIKV infections.

Methods: We developed and assessed the analytical performance of a sample-sparing, multiplexed, microsphere-based serological assay using domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII) of DENV serotypes 1-4 and ZIKV, the most variable region between each virus.

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Importance: Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.

Objective: To investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020.

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