Successful Community Nutrition Incentive Program Data Collection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study.

Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has complicated rigorous evaluation of public health nutrition programs. The USDA Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (USDA GusNIP) funds nutrition incentive programs to improve fruit and vegetable purchasing and intake by incentivizing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants at the point of sale. GusNIP grantees are required to collect survey data (e.

American Indian and Alaska Native veterans in the Indian Health Service: Health status, utilization, and cost.

Purpose: Many rural American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) veterans receive care from the Indian Health Service (IHS). United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has reimbursement agreements with some IHS facilities and tribal programs and seeks to expand community partnerships in tribal areas, but details of how AIAN veterans use IHS are unknown. We aimed to assess the health status, service utilization patterns, and cost of care of veterans who use IHS.

The costs of treating all-cause dementia among American Indians and Alaska native adults who access services through the Indian Health Service and Tribal health programs.

Introduction: Little is known about treatment costs for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with dementia who access services through the Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health programs.

Methods: We analyzed fiscal year 2013 IHS/Tribal treatment costs for AI/ANs aged 65+ years with dementia and a matched sample without dementia (n = 1842) to report actual and adjusted total treatment costs and costs by service type. Adjusted costs were estimated using multivariable regressions.

Healthy Eating Determinants and Food Security Resource Opportunities: Urban-Dwelling American Indian and Alaska Native Older Adults Perspectives.

Objective: To explore the perspectives of urban-dwelling American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) older adults regarding determinants of healthy eating, food insecurity, and opportunities for an urban clinic to improve resources.

Methods: Semistructured interviews (n = 24) with older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) at 1 urban AI/AN serving clinic. Telephone-based interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Perspectives on Genetic Research: Results From a Survey of Navajo Community Members.

The Navajo Nation placed a moratorium on genetic research studies in 2002, in part due to concerns about historical distrust, exploitation, limited expertise and resources, and the lack of a genetics policy. Navajo tribal leaders, scientists, and policy experts are exploring the possibility of lifting the moratorium, developing a genetic research policy, and discussing its potential health implications. This study aimed to identify the key concerns, needs, and desires of Navajo people regarding genetic research.

Diabetes Prevention and Care Capacity at Urban Indian Health Organizations.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer a disproportionate burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Urban Indian Health Organizations (UIHOs) are an important source of diabetes services for urban AI/AN people. Two evidence-based interventions-diabetes prevention (DP) and healthy heart (HH)-have been implemented and evaluated primarily in rural, reservation settings.

Lessons Learned or Forgotten? Impacts of COVID-19 on the Future Direction of Global (e-)Mental Health Care.

Purpose Of Review: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted lives globally, posing unique challenges to mental health services exposing vulnerability and limitations within these systems. During the course of the pandemic, telecommunications technologies (e-mental health care) have served a critical role in psychiatric care. It is important to understand current lessons learned in e-mental health care and implications for global mental health systems for both emerging from the pandemic and after the pandemic has ended.

Accelerating Evaluation of Financial Incentives for Fruits and Vegetables: A Case for Shared Measures.

Food insecurity, or lack of consistent access to enough food, is associated with low intakes of fruits and vegetables (FVs) and higher risk of chronic diseases and disproportionately affects populations with low income. Financial incentives for FVs are supported by the 2018 Farm Bill and United States (U.S.

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Other Comorbidities Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults with Diabetes.

Aims: American Indians and Alaska Native (AI/ANs) peoples experience significant health disparities compared to the U.S. general population.

Multi-level Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Native People in the USA and Canada: a Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: This scoping literature review seeks to answer the question "What is known in the existing literature about multi-level diabetes prevention and treatment interventions for Native people living in the United States and Canada?"

Recent Findings: Multi-level interventions to prevent and/or treat chronic diseases, such as diabetes, promise to help individuals who experience health disparities related to social determinants of health. As described by the socio-ecological model, such interventions mobilize support through a combination of individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels of activity. This review revealed little literature about multi-level diabetes prevention and/or treatment programs for US and Canada-based Native peoples.

Designing Inclusive HPV Cancer Vaccines and Increasing Uptake among Native Americans-A Cultural Perspective Review.

Despite a global and nationwide decrease, Native Americans continue to experience high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is one approach to decrease cancer incidence such as the case of cervical cancer. However, the availability of vaccines does not guarantee uptake, as evident in the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic.

Alcohol Consumption during COVID among Women with an Existing Alcohol-Use Disorder.

Prior to the pandemic, our research team implemented a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) in American Indian women. When active recruitment for the in-person trial was paused due to COVID, the research team moved to conducting follow-up surveys with participants who had completed the intervention to better understand changes to their alcohol use during the pandemic. We collected surveys from 62 American Indian women who had completed the Native CHOICES intervention.

Hypertension in Guatemala's Public Primary Care System: A Needs Assessment Using the Health System Building Blocks Framework.

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension represents a substantial and growing burden in Guatemala and other low and middle-income countries. As a part of the formative phase of an implementation research study, we conducted a needs assessment to define short- and long-term needs and opportunities for hypertension services within the public health system.

Methods: We conducted a multi-method, multi-level assessment of needs related to hypertension within Guatemala's public system using the World Health Organization's health system building blocks framework.

Perspectives of Region XI Head Start Federal, Research, and Program Partners in Carrying out a National Study of American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Children, Families, and Programs.

The American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (AIAN FACES) 2015 was the first national study of children served by Region XI Head Start programs, which are those operated by federally recognized AIAN tribes. Until 2015, Region XI programs had not been included in national studies of Head Start children's experiences and development, leaving them without this critical source of data to inform policy and practice as is available to other Head Start regions. To address this gap, four groups of stakeholders gathered to plan for a study that put the needs of Region XI Head Start at the forefront, was informed by the historical context of research with AIAN communities, and was guided by community psychology and community-based and tribal participatory approaches.

Reducing risk for gestational diabetes among American Indian and Alaska Native teenagers: Tribal leaders' recommendations.

Objective: To elicit feedback from tribal leaders and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) health system administrators as a national stakeholder perspective to inform the development of a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk reduction and preconception counseling intervention for AI/AN teenagers at high risk for GDM.

Methods: A semi-structured focus group interview guide was developed by both principal investigators and qualitative methods experts. Using open-ended questions about the Reproductive-health Education and Awareness of Diabetes in Youth for Girls (READY-Girls) booklet and video clips, AI/AN health care system administrators and elected tribal leaders attending the 2015 National Indian Health Board Conference in Washington, DC, made recommendations on adaptation for an AI/AN audience.

Qualitative study on voyaging and health: perspectives and insights from the medical officers during the Worldwide Voyage.

Objective: To examine the potential association of ocean voyaging with human health and well-being from the perspectives and experiences of the medical officers (MOs) who served during the Worldwide Voyage (WWV).

Design: Using a phenomenology framework, focus group and individual interviews were conducted and analysed by three diverse core researchers and then reviewed by three external researchers to enhance triangulation. Analysis used the Framework Method and Atlas-ti software (V.

Facilitators and Barriers to Healthy Eating Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Stakeholder Perspectives.

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications than non-AI/AN adults. As healthy eating is a cornerstone of diabetes self-management, nutrition education plays an important role in diabetes self-management education.

Objective: To understand stakeholder perspectives on facilitators and barriers to healthy eating for AI/AN adults with T2D in order to inform the cultural adaptation of an existing diabetes nutrition education curriculum.

Food Insecurity and Associated Challenges to Healthy Eating Among American Indians and Alaska Natives With Type 2 Diabetes: Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives.

To examine stakeholder perspectives on food insecurity and associated challenges to healthy eating among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Focus groups and interviews were conducted with purposively selected stakeholders: AI/ANs with T2D, their family members, healthcare administrators, nutrition and diabetes educators, and national content experts on AI/AN health. Two coders analyzed transcripts using the constant-comparison method.

Perceived Discrimination, Retention, and Diabetes Risk Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a Diabetes Lifestyle Intervention.

To examine the association of perceived discrimination with participant retention and diabetes risk among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Data were drawn from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians-Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project ( = 2553). Perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively associated with short-term and long-term retention and diabetes risk without adjusting.