[Bilateral occlusion of retinal vessels in Waldenstrom's disease (a case study)].

The article describes a clinical case of bilateral occlusion of retinal vessels in a patient with Waldenstrom's disease - a rare lymphoplasmocytic tumor of the bone marrow characterized by a complex of syndromes, among which the syndrome of blood hyperviscosity dominates. Comprehensive clinical, instrumental and laboratory examinations revealed that besides the syndrome of blood hyperviscosity the patient also had loci of cerebral ischemia (according to magnetic resonance imaging), ocular hypoperfusion with severe deficiency of retinal and choroidal blood flow (according to Doppler methods) indicating the presence of ocular ischemic syndrome. Since bilateral occlusion of retinal vessels without concomitant vascular and/or systemic pathology is rare, patients with such diagnosis should be referred to a hematologist.

[Optical coherence tomography in diagnostics of small choroidal melanoma].

Purpose: To determine signs of small choroidal melanoma with different pigmentation using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Material And Methods: The study included 344 patients with small choroidal melanoma with different pigmentation examined using EDI-OCT: 1st group - pigmented melanoma (228 eyes), 2nd group - low pigmented (65 eyes), and 3rd group - amelanotic (51 eyes).

Results: In pigmented small choroidal melanomas - elevation of choroidal profile towards vitreous, compression of choriocapillaries with a narrow even 'belt' and a 'shadow' effect; thinning, defects in Bruch's membrane; thickening of the retina above the tumor, lobulated photoreceptors; intra- and subretinal exudate (diffuse, cystic edema, neuroepithelial detachment); defects and detachment of pigment epithelium with hyperreflective foci, disorganization of the pigment with the formation of hyperreflective foci at different retinal levels.

Comparative lipidomic analysis of inflammatory mediators in the aqueous humor and tear fluid of humans and rabbits.

Introduction: Ocular inflammation is a key pathogenic factor in most blindness-causing visual disorders. It can manifest in the aqueous humor (AH) and tear fluid (TF) as alterations in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites, oxylipins, lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via enzymatic pathways involving lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase or cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and specifically regulate inflammation and resolution pathways.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish the baseline patterns of PUFAs and oxylipins in AH and TF by their comprehensive lipidomic identification and profiling in humans in the absence of ocular inflammation and comparatively analyze these compounds in the eye liquids of rabbits, the species often employed in investigative ophthalmology.

[Influence of treatment adherence on the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma in clinical setting].

Unlabelled: According to various studies, treatment adherence of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma ranges from 5% to 80% and significantly influences the effectiveness of the therapy. Some authors report higher levels of adherence in patients receiving preservative-free medications.

Purpose: To study the influence of treatment adherence in patients receiving preservative-free and preserved medications on the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

[Experimental simulation for determining optimal design parameters of a transpalpebral tonometry sensor].

Purpose: To determine optimal design parameters of a transpalpebral tonometry sensor (the weight and diameter of the rod) based on experimental simulation.

Material And Methods: The study has been conducted in situ at the forensic analysis department with 12 eyes of 5 men and one woman aged 49 to 71 years. Comparison between the tonometric pressure and the true pressure measured with direct manometric technique ensured the accuracy of transpalpebral tonometry data and helped select optimal sensor parameters.

[Amplitude-frequency characteristics of the retina under diffuse and pattern stimulation and new formalized signs of flicker and pattern electroretinogram].

Unlabelled: The clinical sugnificance of electroretinogram interpretation depends heavily on the employed mathematical apparatus. Currently, conventional calculation of the amplitude and time parameters of electroretinogram (ERG) components and their relations (indices), as well as analysis of the frequency spectrum of the signal are becoming insufficient for interpretation of the obtained data. New approaches to diagnostics are currently being developed, using, among other things, expert systems, and neural network and simulation models.

[Objective parameters of accommodation in concomitant strabismus].

Purpose: To develop an objective method of determining binocular accommodative response (AR) and concomitant accommodation in patients with strabismus.

Material And Methods: The study included 34 patients (68 eyes) with concomitant horizontal strabismus aged 6 to 32 years. The parameters of accommodation were measured using open field Binocular Auto Ref/Keratometer Grand Seiko WR-5100K (Grand Seiko Co.

[Clinical features and pathological analysis of lacrimal gland occupying lesions in 91 cases].

To analyze the pathogenesis, histopathological classification and clinical features of lacrimal gland occupying lesions. This was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 91 patients (102 eyes) with lacrimal gland area occupying diseases who received ophthalmic surgery in the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2014 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including patients' age, reasons for treatment, gender, imageological examination data and pathological diagnosis results.

[Long-term results of perifocal defocus spectacle lens correction in children with progressive myopia].

Unlabelled: Peripheral defocus plays a significant role in the formation of refraction. Perifocal spectacles allow differentiating correction of central and peripheral refraction of the eye along the horizontal meridian and can correct or reduce peripheral hyperopia.

Purpose: To study the long-term results of wearing perifocal spectacles on the refraction in children with progressive myopia.

[Comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease and gegontophtalmic pathology].

Aim: To compare the frequency of age-related ophthalmic diseases in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Material And Methods: The study included 60 patients with severe cognitive impairment divided into two equal groups matched for sex and age. The first group included patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Corneal Morphological Characteristics.

Purpose: To determine central corneal thickness (CCT) and the corneal parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), evaluate the relationship between the severity of OSA, minimum peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (min. SpO2), and corneal morphological characteristics.

Methods: Patients with OSA diagnosed by full-night polysomnography before treatment were included.

Recommendations for ultrasound examination in ophthalmology. Part I: Ultrabiomicroscopic examination.

Range of ultrasounds used in medical imaging is between 2 and 80 MHz. The highest frequencies are applied in medical imaging of an anterior segment of an eyeball. This paper covers the newest method of ultrasound imaging - an ultrabiomicroscopic examination.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis: phenotypic and genetic characterization.

Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS, MIM#312700) belongs to a group of the vitreoretinal dystrophies. We aimed to describe the phenotype-genotype correlation of three XLRS cases in juveniles with different novel mutations from the Lithuanian population. The patients demonstrated macular retinoschisis and typical cyst-like cavities on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images.

Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with different contact tonometers in young healthy persons.

Aim: To analyze the correlation of Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), I-Care tonometer and Tono-Pen tonometer results in young healthy persons, and to investigate the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements recorded with these tonometers.

Methods: We conducted a pilot clinical study in 78 eyes of 78 subjects aged 22-28 years old (44 women and 34 men; mean age 23.8±1.

Changes in choroidal thickness and corneal parameters in diabetic eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial parameters (endothelial cell density [ECD], average size [AVE], hexagonality [A6], polymegathism [SD]), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and to determine whether these parameters depend on the duration of DM and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level.

Methods: A total of 62 patients with type 2 DM and 65 healthy subjects were examined using a noncontact specular microscope, A-scan ultrasound, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The study parameters included medical history, age, eye axial length, CCT, ECD, AVE, A6, SD, and SFCT.

Age-related changes in central corneal thickness in normal eyes among the adult Lithuanian population.

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and determine whether there are any correlations between CCT, age, and sex in the adult Lithuanian population.

Methods: A total of 1,650 Caucasians of Lithuanian origin (aged 18-89 years) comprising 688 (41.7%) men and 962 (58.

Age-related changes in corneal thickness and endothelial characteristics.

Purpose: To determine the influence of age on central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell size, coefficient of variation in cell size, and percentage of regular hexagonal cells; and to estimate the average ECD and CCT in seven age groups.

Materials And Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 211 Caucasian patients (358 eyes) were examined using a noncontact specular microscope at the Center of Eye Diseases in Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinic. The main corneal parameters were: ECD, average cell size, coefficient of variation in cell size, percentage of regular hexagonal cells, and CCT.

[Surgical therapeutic results of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different factors on the prognosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (ChD).

Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight eyes of 188 patients were studied retrospectively from Jan, 1996 to Aug, 1998. The clinical data, surgical management and follow-up records were analyzed.