Endoscopic and imaging evaluations of the primary tumor response in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy is a potential treatment option for patients with proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Preoperative screening via endoscopy and imaging examinations could help identify patients who may potentially achieve a complete response after neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic and imaging examinations in predicting pathological complete response after neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy.

Concurrent RB1 and P53 pathway disruption predisposes to the development of a primitive neuronal component in high-grade gliomas depending on MYC-driven EBF3 transcription.

The foremost feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent malignant brain tumours in adults, is a remarkable degree of intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity reflecting the coexistence within the tumour bulk of different cell populations displaying distinctive genetic and transcriptomic profiles. GBM with primitive neuronal component (PNC), recently identified by DNA methylation-based classification as a peculiar GBM subtype (GBM-PNC), is a poorly recognized and aggressive GBM variant characterised by nodules containing cells with primitive neuronal differentiation along with conventional GBM areas. In addition, the presence of a PNC component has been also reported in IDH-mutant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), and to a lesser extent to other HGGs, suggesting that regardless from being IDH-mutant or IDH-wildtype, peculiar genetic and/or epigenetic events may contribute to the phenotypic skewing with the emergence of the PNC phenotype.

Can PSMA PET detect intratumour heterogeneity in histological PSMA expression of primary prostate cancer? Analysis of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [F]PSMA-1007.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane-antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is a promising candidate for non-invasive characterization of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated whether PET with tracers [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [F]PSMA-1007 is capable to depict intratumour heterogeneity of histological PSMA expression.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with biopsy-proven primary PCa without evidence of metastatic disease nor prior interventions were prospectively enrolled.

Polysomnographic endotypes of successful multilevel upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Multilevel upper airway surgery is effective for some patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but prediction the response to surgery remains a challenge. The underlying endotypes of OSA include upper airway collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, and the arousal threshold. This study aimed to explore the effect of surgery on polysomnography (PSG)-derived OSA endotypes and establish a surgical response prediction model.

Propensity-score matched outcomes of minimally invasive and open pelvic exenteration in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Pelvic exenteration (PE) entails an en bloc resection of locally advanced primary or recurrent rectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the short-term and survival outcomes of minimally invasive (MI)- and open PE. A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with stage III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with PE from the National Cancer Database (2010-2019) was conducted.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury After Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Purpose: Acute kidney injury is a sentinel event affecting colorectal cancer patients either as a consequence of surgery or systemic chemotherapy. It is highly correlated with both short and long-term adverse outcomes. This work aimed to study the prevalence, risk factors, and impact on survival of postoperative (PO-AKI) and post-chemotherapy (PC-AKI) after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery in Egyptian patients.

Total Pancreatectomy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Coeliac Trunk Resection and Retrograde Gastric Revascularization Through Aorto-Hepato-Spleno Allograft.

Background: Locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas (LA-PDAC) are more frequently operated now than in the past because of new regimen chemotherapy and improvement in surgical technique. Resection of the coeliac trunk (CT) during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) or total pancreatectomy (TP) is not routinely done owing to the risk of liver and gastric ischaemia. In this video, a patient with LA-PDAC underwent TP with CT resection and retrograde gastric revascularization through the distal splenic artery.

Associations of KRAS Point Mutations with Survival of Patients Who Underwent Curative-Intent Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: The oncologic significance of specific KRAS point mutations for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of KRAS point mutations on patients who underwent surgery for CLM.

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for CLM from 2001 to 2020 were selected for the study.

Impact of Disability on Postoperative Outcomes After Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Approximately 61 million individuals in the United States have a disability and face unique challenges, resulting in healthcare disparities.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of disability on postoperative outcomes and number of healthy days at home (HDAH).

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer between 2017 and 2020 were identified using the Medicare database.

The vascular supply to the lateral compartment of the leg with emphasis on fibular flap harvesting.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the exact locations of vascular pedicles that supply the fibularis longus and brevis, to identify the morphometric features of those vessels in the lateral compartment of the leg, and to indicate the branching points of the pedicles from the main arteries.

Methods: The popliteal arteries of 40 lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (12 males, 8 females) were bilaterally injected with colored latex. After dissection, the branches of the arteries were identified and counted.

Smartphone application-based augmented reality for pre-clinical dental implant placement training: a pilot study.

Purpose: Precise implant placement is essential for optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Digital technologies, such as computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS), have improved implant outcomes. However, conventional methods such as static and dynamic CAIS (dCAIS) require complex equipment.

Piloting total perioperative telemedicine for elective cholecystectomies for symptomatic cholelithiasis.

Background: Telemedicine has the potential to increase healthcare access while decreasing the environmental impact associated with providing care. We piloted total perioperative telemedicine (TPT) visits for evaluating patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and environmental impact of TPT by comparing the perioperative and environmental outcomes of patients participating in TPT to those undergoing traditional in-person preoperative evaluations.

Superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm: microsurgical vs. endovascular treatment.

This study aimed to provide an updated evidence of superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysms management, including their clinical implications, predictive factors for rupture, therapeutic approaches, and post-treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, assessed the literature on superior hypophyseal artery aneurysms. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on coiling and clipping interventions.

Head and Neck Paraganglioma in Pacak-Zhuang Syndrome.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are typically slow-growing, hormonally inactive tumors of parasympathetic paraganglia. Inactivation of prolyl-hydroxylase domain-containing 2 protein causing indirect gain-of-function of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), encoded by EPAS1, was recently shown to cause carotid body hyperplasia. We previously described a syndrome with multiple sympathetic paragangliomas caused by direct gain-of-function variants in EPAS1 (Pacak-Zhuang syndrome, PZS) and developed a corresponding mouse model.

Manuscript publication of abstracts presented at gynecologic surgery societies' annual meetings.

Purpose: To study characteristics and identify factors associated with full manuscript publication of oral abstracts presented at gynecologic surgery societies' annual meetings.

Study Design: We reviewed all oral abstracts presented at four major gynecologic surgery meetings in 2018. Oral abstracts subsequently published as peer-reviewed manuscripts were compared to those that were not published.

Estimated Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in US Adults, 2020 to 2050.

Importance: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is projected to become the leading indication for liver transplant (LT) in the US. Understanding its clinical burden can help to identify opportunities for prevention and treatment.

Objective: To project the burden of MASLD in US adults from 2020 to 2050.

Delivering Guideline-Concordant Care for Patients With High-Risk HPV and Normal Cytologic Findings.

Importance: As US health care systems shift to human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening, more patients are receiving positive high-risk non-16/18 genotype HPV results and negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytological findings. Risk-based management guidelines recommend 2 consecutive negative annual results to return to routine screening.

Objective: To quantify patterns of surveillance testing and associated outcomes for patients after an HPV-positive results and NILM cytologic findings.

Mild acute biliary pancreatitis: still a surgical disease. A post-hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study.

Background: The current standard of care for mild acute biliary pancreatitis (MABP) involves early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to reduce the risk of recurrence. The MANCTRA-1 project revealed a knowledge-to-action gap and higher recurrence rates in patients admitted to medical wards, attributable to fewer ELCs being performed. The project estimated a 35% to 70% probability of narrowing this gap by 2025.

Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency: Unraveling the Relevance of NDUFAF1 in Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is rare in childhood, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic causes of HCM are mostly related to sarcomeric genes abnormalities; however, syndromic, metabolic, and mitochondrial disorders play an important role in its etiopathogenesis in pediatric patients. We here describe a new case of apparently isolated HCM due to mitochondrial assembly factor gene NDUFAF1 biallelic variants (c.

Real time monitoring of intrarenal pressures while using the flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath.

Purpose: To report on in-vivo intrarenal pressure (IRP) during flexible ureteroscopy for treatment of kidney stones while using the novel flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath (FANS).

Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was performed for 25 patients undergoing routine flexible ureteroscopy for treatment of renal stones between February 2024 and June 2024 from two centres in Canada. The LithoVue Elite™ ureteroscope (Boston Scientific Corp.

Intratumoral Injection of mRNA-2752 and Pembrolizumab for High-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Phase 1 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intratumoral immunotherapy that leverages the biological characteristics of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be able to reduce the extent of surgical treatment and provide an alternative approach to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: To determine if combination intratumoral immunotherapy can activate immune cells to shrink or eliminate high-risk DCIS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 1 open-label nonrandomized clinical trial at a single academic center tested the safety and efficacy of intratumoral immunotherapy in patients with high-risk DCIS, defined as at least 2 of the following present: younger than 45 years, tumor size greater than 5 cm, high-grade, palpable mass, hormone receptor (HR)-negative, or ERBB2-positive.

Imaging-based method to quantify left ventricular diastolic pressures.

Aim: To establish an imaging-based method to quantify left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressures.

Methods/results: In 115 patients suspected of coronary artery disease, LV pressure was measured by micromanometers and images by echocardiography. LV filling pressure was measured as LV pre-atrial contraction pressure (pre-A PLV).

A Review of Current Treatment Options for Stage III and Stage IV Metastatic Melanoma.

The incidence of melanoma has increased for decades, and while surgical treatment of early stage disease is often curative, metastatic disease continues to have significant morbidity and mortality and carries a high associated health burden and economic cost. An expanding number of dermatologists are playing a key role in coordinating the care of patients with advanced melanoma, including in the setting of multidisciplinary melanoma clinics, many of which are anchored in dermatology departments. Advances in the understanding of the genetic and immunoregulatory aspects of melanoma development and progression have yielded a wave of novel therapeutics that has made significant impact on the approach to patients with metastatic disease.

Safety and performance of a novel synthetic biomimetic scaffold for iliac crest defect reconstruction during surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain: a first-in-human trial.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) involves arthrodesis of sacroiliac (SI) and pubic symphysis joints. Fusion of pubic symphysis involves the implantation of an autologous iliac crest tricortical graft harvested from the iliac crest. The objective was to assess the safety of a novel synthetic graft substitute (b.