Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Cognate 3 of Brown Planthopper Is Required for Survival and Suppresses Immune Response in Plants.

The brown planthopper () is a monophagous pest of rice (), which threatens food security around the world. Insect Heat shock proteins 70 kDa (Hsp70s) play a key role in insect growth and development, however, if they also modulate the plant physiological processes is still unclear. In this study, we identified the Heat shock 70 kDa protein cognate 3 (NlHSC70-3) of BPH from compared protein profiles of Nipponbare tissues after BPH infestation via LC/MS.

Phytochrome B regulates jasmonic acid-mediated defense response against in .

The phytochrome B mediated light signaling integrates with various phytohormone signalings to control plant immune response. However, it is still unclear whether phyB-mediated light signaling has an effect on the biosynthesis of jasmonate during plant defense response against . In this study, we demonstrated that phyB-mediated light signaling has a role in this process.

miR2105 and the kinase OsSAPK10 co-regulate OsbZIP86 to mediate drought-induced ABA biosynthesis in rice.

Mediating induced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis is important for enhancing plant stress tolerance. Here, we found that rice (Oryza sativa L.) osa-miR2105 (miR2105) and the Stress/ABA-activated protein kinase (OsSAPK10) coordinately regulate the rice basic region-leucine zipper transcription factor (bZIP TF; OsbZIP86) at the posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels to control drought-induced ABA biosynthesis via modulation of rice 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (OsNCED3) expression.

Time-course analysis and transcriptomic identification of key response strategies to complete submergence in Nelumbo nucifera.

Water submergence is an environmental stress with detrimental effects on plant growth and survival. As a wetland plant species, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is widely cultivated in flood-prone lowlands throughout Asian countries, but little is known about its endurance and acclimation mechanisms to complete submergence. Here, we combined a time-course submergence experiment and an RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis on two lotus varieties of "Qiuxing" and "China Antique".

Histone H3K27 demethylase SlJMJ4 promotes dark- and ABA- induced leaf senescence in tomato.

Leaf senescence is a highly-programmed developmental process during the plant life cycle. ABA plays an important role in leaf senescence. However, the mechanism underlying ABA-mediated leaf senescence, particularly the upstream epigenetic regulatory network, remains largely unclear.

CRISPR gene editing of major domestication traits accelerating breeding for Solanaceae crops improvement.

Domestication traits particularly fruit size and plant architecture and flowering are critical in transforming a progenitor's wild stature into a super improved plant. The latest advancements in the CRISPR system, as well as its rapid adoption, are speeding up plant breeding. Solanaceae has a varied range of important crops, with a few model crops, such as tomato and, more recently, groundcherry, serving as a foundation for developing molecular techniques, genome editing tools, and establishing standards for other crops.

Two R2R3-MYB genes cooperatively control trichome development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Prunus persica.

The fruit surface has an enormous impact on the external appearance and postharvest shelf-life of fruit. Here, we report two functionally redundant genes, PpMYB25 and PpMYB26, involved in regulation of fruit skin texture in peach. PpMYB25 can activate transcription of PpMYB26 and they both induce trichome development and cuticular wax accumulation, resulting in peach fruit with a fuzzy and dull appearance.

Applications and potentials of nanopore sequencing in the (epi)genome and (epi)transcriptome era.

The Human Genome Project opened an era of (epi)genomic research, and also provided a platform for the development of new sequencing technologies. During and after the project, several sequencing technologies continue to dominate nucleic acid sequencing markets. Currently, Illumina (short-read), PacBio (long-read), and Oxford Nanopore (long-read) are the most popular sequencing technologies.

bHLH11 inhibits bHLH IVc proteins by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED corepressors.

Iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and development. Many transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. bHLH11 is a negative TF that regulates Fe homeostasis.

Physiological and Dual Transcriptional Analysis of Microalga Pathosystem Uncovers Conserved Defense Response and Robust Pathogenicity.

The underlying mechanisms of microalgal host-pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied physiological and simultaneous dual transcriptomic analysis to characterize the microalga interaction. Three infection stages were determined according to infection rate and physiological features.

Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research.

Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry.

Identification of the Histone Deacetylases Gene Family in Hemp Reveals Genes Regulating Cannabinoids Synthesis.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles nearly in all aspects of plant biology, including stress responses, development and growth, and regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The molecular functions of HDACs have been explored in depth in , while little research has been reported in the medicinal plant L. Here, we excavated 14 genes of L that were divided into three relatively conserved subfamilies, including RPD3/HDA1 (10 genes), SIR2 (2 genes), and HD2 (2 genes).

Feasible strategies for studying the involvement of DNA methylation and histone acetylation in the stress-induced formation of quality-related metabolites in tea (Camellia sinensis).

Tea plants are subjected to multiple stresses during growth, development, and postharvest processing, which affects levels of secondary metabolites in leaves and influences tea functional properties and quality. Most studies on secondary metabolism in tea have focused on gene, protein, and metabolite levels, whereas upstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we exemplify DNA methylation and histone acetylation, summarize the important regulatory effects that epigenetic modifications have on plant secondary metabolism, and discuss feasible research strategies to elucidate the underlying specific epigenetic mechanisms of secondary metabolism regulation in tea.

Roles of Canavalia rosea metallothioneins in metal tolerance and extreme environmental adaptation to tropical coral reefs.

Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC is a perennial twining herb distributed in the semi-arid and saline-alkali areas of coastal regions and has evolved halotolerance. In this study, we present the first comprehensive survey of the metallothionein (MT) gene family in C.

The role of hydrogen water in delaying ripening of banana fruit during postharvest storage.

Experiments were conducted to identify the role of hydrogen water (HW) in banana fruit ripening. Banana fruit soaked with 0.8 ppm HW showed longer ripening than control fruit.

The role of 14-3-3 proteins in plant growth and response to abiotic stress.

The 14-3-3 proteins widely exist in almost all plant species. They specifically recognize and interact with phosphorylated target proteins, including protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors and functional proteins, offering an array of opportunities for 14-3-3s to participate in the signal transduction processes. 14-3-3s are multigene families and can form homo- and heterodimers, which confer functional specificity of 14-3-3 proteins.

Characterization of phytohormone and transcriptome profiles during protocorm-like bodies development of Paphiopedilum.

Background: Paphiopedilum, commonly known as slipper orchid, is an important genus of orchid family with prominent horticultural value. Compared with conventional methods such as tillers and in vitro shoots multiplication, induction and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) is an effective micropropagation method in Paphiopedilum. The PLB initiation efficiency varies among species, hybrids and varieties, which leads to only a few Paphiopedilum species can be large-scale propagated through PLBs.

MYB70 modulates seed germination and root system development in .

Crosstalk among ABA, auxin, and ROS plays critical roles in modulating seed germination, root growth, and suberization. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, MYB70, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor was shown to be a key component of these processes in .

CdWRKY2-mediated sucrose biosynthesis and CBF-signalling pathways coordinately contribute to cold tolerance in bermudagrass.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most widely cultivated warm-season turfgrass species around the world. Cold stress has been a key environmental factor that adversely affects the growth, development, and geographical distribution of bermudagrass; however, the underlying mechanism of bermudagrass responsive to cold stress remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified a cold-induced WRKY transcription factor CdWRKY2 from bermudagrass and demonstrated its function in cold stress response.

Natural alleles of a uridine 5'-diphospho-glucosyltransferase gene responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice.

Traditional upland rice generally exhibits insufficient grains resulting from abnormal endosperm development compared to paddy rice. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this trait is poorly understood. Here, we cloned the uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucosyltransferase gene EDR1 (Endosperm Development in Rice) responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice by performing quantitative trait loci analysis and map-based cloning.

SlJMJ7 orchestrates tomato fruit ripening via crosstalk between H3K4me3 and DML2-mediated DNA demethylation.

The ripening of fleshy fruits is a unique developmental process that Arabidopsis and rice lack. This process is driven by hormones and transcription factors. However, the critical and early regulators of fruit ripening are still poorly understood.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of .

The completed chloroplast genome sequence of , collected from eastern China, was firstly determined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic analysis. The length of cp genome was 156,845 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,666 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,543 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 23,818 bp. The cp genome contained 132 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 41 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes.