Nanoparticle-Based Nitric Oxide Donors: Exploring Their Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Capabilities.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent with significant potential for combating biofilm-associated infections and antibiotic resistance. However, owing to its high reactivity due to the possession of a free radical and short half-life (1-5 s), the practical application of NO in clinical settings is challenging. : This review explores the development of NO-releasing nanoparticles that provide a controlled, targeted delivery system for NO, enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy while minimizing toxicity.

Methyloraptor flagellatus gen. nov., sp. nov., novel Ancalomicrobiaceae-affiliated facultatively methylotrophic bacteria that feed on methanotrophs of the genus Methylococcus.

A morphologically conspicuous microbial association was detected in a bioreactor running in a continuous mode with methanotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylococcus and natural gas as a growth substrate. The association consisted of spherical Methylococcus cells colonized by elongated rods, which produced rosette-like aggregates and inhibited the cultivation process. An isolate of these bacteria, strain S20, was obtained and identified as belonging to the alphaproteobacterial family Ancalomicrobiaceae but displaying only a distant relationship (93.

The Structural Permissiveness of Triosephosphate Isomerase (TpiA) of Escherichia coli.

Triosephosphate isomerase (TpiA) is widely regarded as an example of an optimally evolved enzyme due to its essential role in biological systems, its structural conservation, and its near-perfect kinetic parameters. In this study, we investigated the structural robustness of the archetypal TpiA variant from Escherichia coli using an in vitro 5-amino acid linker scanning method. The resulting library was introduced into a tpiA mutant strain for functional complementation.

Revealing the Bioactivities of Venom Using as a Model.

, commonly known as the Portuguese Man o' War, is one of the most venomous members of the Cnidaria yet is poorly understood. This article investigates the toxicity of venom by assessing its behavioral and toxicological effects on . The venom administered orally revealed dose- and time-dependent mortality, with an LD50 of 67.

The Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism and the Glutathione Antioxidant System Protect Yeast Against pH-Induced Stress.

In this study, we first thoroughly assayed the response of the key enzymes of energy metabolism and the antioxidant system in yeast at extreme pH. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, namely NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, NADPH-producing enzymes of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and the enzymes of the glutathione system was assessed. All the enzymes that were tested showed a significant induction contrary to some decrease in the aconitate hydratase activity with acidic and alkaline stress.

Comparison of Conjugates Obtained Using DMSO and DMF as Solvents in the Production of Polyclonal Antibodies and ELISA Development: A Case Study on Bisphenol A.

When developing immunochemical test systems, it is necessary to obtain specific antibodies. Their quality depends, among other things, on the immunogen used. When preparing hapten-protein conjugates to obtain antibodies for low-molecular-weight compounds, the key factors are the structure of the hapten itself, the presence of a spacer, the size of the carrier protein and the degree of its modification by hapten molecules.

Antioxidant properties of the soluble carotenoprotein AstaP and its feasibility for retinal protection against oxidative stress.

Photodamage to the outer segments of photoreceptor cells and their impaired utilization by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leading to blindness. Degeneration of photoreceptor cells and RPE cells is triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photochemical reactions involving bisretinoids, by-products of the visual cycle, which accumulate in photoreceptor discs and lipofuscin granules of RPE. Carotenoids, natural antioxidants with high potential efficacy against a wide range of ROS, may protect against the cytotoxic properties of lipofuscin.

Monkeypox virus A29L protein as the target for specific diagnosis and serological analysis.

The unexpected monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak has been reported in many non-endemic countries and regions since May 2022. The mutant strains of Mpox virus (MPXV) were found with higher infectivity and greater capability for sustained human-to-human transmission, posing a significant public health threat. MPXV A29L, a protein homolog of vaccinia virus (VACV) A27L, plays an important role in viral attachment to host cell membranes.

Anticancer potential of Diospyrin and its analogues: An updated review.

Cancer, characterized as one of the leading causes of death owing to its heterogeneity and complexity, hence poses a significant challenge to health care system across the globe. Current therapies for cancer curtailment are considered to have associated side effects, therefore discovery of novel alternative approaches is need of the time. In this context, natural products have attained an essential spot in the scientific community for the development of novel cancer treatments.

Thermodesulfovibrio autotrophicus sp. nov., the first autotrophic representative of the widespread sulfate-reducing genus Thermodesulfovibrio, and Thermodesulfovibrio obliviosus sp. nov. that has lost this ability.

Representatives of the genus Thermodesulfovibrio are widespread thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The genus currently includes five species with validly published names. Two new Thermodesulfovibrio strains, 3907-1M  and 3462-1, were isolated with molecular hydrogen as an electron donor, sulfate as an electron acceptor and acetate as the carbon source from hot springs of Kunashir Island and Kamchatka Peninsula.

Removal of terpenes in the presence of easily degradable compounds during biofiltration of gas emissions from composting of municipal solid waste.

Composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is accompanied by the emission of large volumes of harmful, hazardous and foul-smelling volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To improve the efficiency of terpenes removal, which constitute a significant part of VOCs, pure cultures of microorganisms dominating in its microbiota were isolated from the microbial community of the biofilter, which has been cleaning such emissions for a long time. Seven pure cultures were isolated and then tested for being able to grow on a mineral medium in the presence of terpene vapor as the only source of carbon and energy.

Re-engineering of a carotenoid-binding protein based on NMR structure.

Recently, a number of message passing neural network (MPNN)-based methods have been introduced that, based on backbone atom coordinates, efficiently recover native amino acid sequences of proteins and predict modifications that result in better expressing, more soluble, and stable variants. However, usually, X-ray structures, or artificial structures generated by algorithms trained on X-ray structures, were employed to define target backbone conformations. Here, we show that commonly used algorithms ProteinMPNN and SolubleMPNN display low sequence recovery on structures determined using NMR.

Assessment of the germination power and α-amylase activity in the soil rhizospheric compartment amended with olive mill waste waters.

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was used in ferti-irrigation due to its high water content, as well as its organic and mineral richness. However, this by-product also contains elevated levels of polyphenols, which may pose phytotoxic risks to soil microbiota and plants over time. To address this concern, we conducted a thorough examination of the phenolic composition of OMWW and the phenolic content of amended soils using HPLC analysis.

SAXS, DLS, and MD studies of the Rg/Rh ratio for swollen and collapsed dendrimers.

The radius of gyration, Rg, and the hydrodynamic radius, Rh, are the main experimental parameters that characterize the size of linear and branched macromolecules. In the case of dendrimers in solution, the ratio Rg/Rh, depending on the global conformation, varies from 1 (for a Gaussian soft sphere) to 3/5 (for a hard sphere). However, for high-generation dendrimers, this ratio may be less than the limiting value for a hard sphere.

Insights into the Functioning of the D-amino Acid Transaminase from Haliscomenobacter Hydrossis via a Structural and Spectral Analysis of its Complex with 3-Aminooxypropionic Acid.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes play a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism. Carbonyl compounds, such as O-substituted hydroxylamines, stand out among numerous specific inhibitors of these enzymes, including those of practical importance, because they react with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the active site of the enzymes to form stable oximes. O-substituted hydroxylamines mimic the side group of amino acid substrates, thus providing highly potent and specific inhibition of the corresponding enzymes.

Draft genome sequence of strain YE2023, isolated from a pulp of bioleach reactor.

We report the draft genome sequence of strain YE2023, isolated from a pulp of a laboratory-scale bioleach reactor. The genome is 3,221,954 Mbp long with a guanine-cytosine content of 58.16%.

Betalains from peels: UPLC-MS/MS metabolites profiling, computational investigation, and potential applicability as a raw meat colorant.

Given consumers', environmental and sustainability apprehensions, the meat industry investigated the natural colorant resources. As proof, betalain, peels (OSP) pigment, is premeditated in the meat industry. Here, OSP betalains were qualitatively profiled using UPLC-MS/MS, and 7 metabolites were identified: 6 betacyanins and a betaxanthin (arginine-betaxanthin).

Link Between Individual Codon Frequencies and Protein Expression: Going Beyond Codon Adaptation Index.

An important role of a particular synonymous codon composition of a gene in its expression level is well known. There are a number of algorithms optimizing codon usage of recombinant genes to maximize their expression in host cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains unsolved and is of significant relevance.

Comparative Characteristics of Immunochromatographic Test Systems for Tylosin Antibiotic in Meat Products.

Tylosin (TYL) is a macrolide antibiotic widely used in animal husbandry. Due to associated health risks, there is a demand for sensitive methods for mass screening of TYL in products of animal origin. This article describes the development of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) for TYL detection using direct (anti-TYL antibodies conjugated with nanoparticles) and indirect antibody labeling (anti-species antibodies conjugated with nanoparticles and combined with native anti-TYL antibodies).

Stilbene production as part of drought adaptation mechanisms in cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) roots modulates antioxidant status.

Stilbenes, naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites, play a pivotal role in adaptation of various plant species to biotic and abiotic factors. Recently, increased attention has been directed toward their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance. We evaluated drought tolerance of three grapevine varieties grown with different levels of water deficit.

Gardner syndrome in a Tunisian family: Identification of a rare APC mutation through targeted NGS.

Gardner syndrome (GS) is a subtype of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) characterized by colorectal polyps, multiple osteomas, soft tissue tumors, and specific oral manifestations, such as jaw osteomas. GS is caused by mutations in the APC gene, resulting in a nonfunctional protein. This study reports a comprehensive clinical evaluation and genetic analysis of a Tunisian family affected by GS.

Binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to G-actin promotes the transnitrosylation reaction.

In this study, we investigated formation of the complex between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and actin and the possibility of nitrosyl group transfer between GAPDH and actin. A complex of GAPDH with beta-actin was isolated from lysates of HEK293T cells using immunoprecipitation with antibodies against GAPDH or against beta-actin. The treatment of the cells with HO or NO donor did not affect the formation of the complex.