Nicotine Dependence among Current Cigarette Smokers Who Use E-Cigarettes and Cannabis.

Background: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes are very common among young adults. However, it is unclear whether co-use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence than cigarette-only use. We investigated the relationship between cigarette/nicotine dependence and co-use of tobacco and cannabis among 4 groups of cigarette smokers aged 18-35: cigarette-only smokers, cigarette-e-cigarette (CIG-ECIG) co-users, cigarette-cannabis (CIG-CAN) co-users, and cigarette-e-cigarette-cannabis (CIG-ECIG-CAN) co-users.

Carbonyl Emissions and Heating Temperatures across 75 Nominally Identical Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Products: Do Manufacturing Variations Drive Pulmonary Toxicant Exposure?

Studies of factors that impact electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) carbonyl compound (CC) emissions have been hampered by wide within-condition variability. In this study, we examined whether this variability may be related to heating coil temperature variations stemming from manufacturing differences. We determined the mean peak temperature rise (Δ) and CC emissions from 75 Subox ENDSs powered at 30 W.

Social Media Data Mining of Antitobacco Campaign Messages: Machine Learning Analysis of Facebook Posts.

Background: Social media platforms provide a valuable source of public health information, as one-third of US adults seek specific health information online. Many antitobacco campaigns have recognized such trends among youth and have shifted their advertising time and effort toward digital platforms. Timely evidence is needed to inform the adaptation of antitobacco campaigns to changing social media platforms.

Acute effects of flavored Black and mild cigars among young adult cigarette smokers.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed new product standards that would ban characterizing flavors (other than tobacco) in cigars.

Responses of African American Individuals Who Use Menthol Cigarettes to Potential Flavored Tobacco Bans.

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has proposed new product standards regarding the availability of menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars in the U.

Impact of smoking intensity and device cleaning on IQOS emissions: comparison with an array of cigarettes.

Significance: IQOS is a heated tobacco product that has been widely advertised by Philip Morris International (PMI) as a reduced-exposure product compared with cigarettes. Reduced exposure results from reduced emission of toxicants which could be influenced by product constituents and user behaviour. This study aims to assess the influence of user behaviour, including device cleaning and puffing parameters, on toxicant emissions from IQOS.

Time course of changes in inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in lung tissue of mice induced by exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol.

Significance: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become a popular way to smoke all over the world. Chronic exposure to e-cigarette aerosol may influence lung health. This study uses an animal model to explore the time course of the effect of exposure to e-cigarette aerosols on the lung.

Effects of Educational Materials About Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Charcoal use on Adult Smokers' Risk Perceptions.

A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxicants released by using charcoal and perceived harms of using charcoal. Participants were randomized to either a control or to an educational arm that reviewed toxicants released by burning charcoal and the health consequences. Participants in the educational relative to the control arm perceived charcoal as more harmful, were more knowledgeable of toxicants released by burning charcoal, and expressed a stronger desire to quit.

The electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) purchase task: Are results sensitive to price framing?

Extension of the cigarette purchase task (CPT) to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is complicated by the heterogeneous nature of this product class, as ambiguity exists regarding the appropriate price-frame (i.e., unit of the product being purchased).

Impact of tobacco flavoring on oral nicotine consumption in C57BL/6J mice.

Background: The continued use of flavors in tobacco products has been a prominent factor in their popularity, yet little is known regarding their role in nicotine dependence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tobacco flavoring on oral nicotine consumption in mice using the two-bottle choice (2BC) test and assessed the potential impact of age and sex in their interactions.

Methods: Adolescent and adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were used.

Electronic cigarette users' reactions and responses to a hypothetical ban of flavoured electronic cigarette liquids.

Unlabelled: BackgroundRegulations have been proposed to limit e-cigarette flavours, but limited research has examined potential impacts of such policies. This study examined adult e-cigarette users' reactions to a hypothetical e-cigarette flavour ban.

Methods: In 2019, a convenience sample of current e-cigarette users in the USA (n=81, 53.

Did JUUL alter the content of menthol pods in response to US FDA flavour enforcement policy?

Background: The JUUL electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) remains popular in the USA and has a big prevalence among youth. In response to the popularity of JUUL and similar devices among youth, the US Food and Drug Administration issued in February 2020 an enforcement policy to remove all flavoured cartridge/pod-based e-cigarettes from the market except for tobacco and menthol. Subsequent studies showed that some users of the now-removed flavoured JUUL pods (especially cool mint) switched to menthol-flavoured JUUL pods with similar satisfaction.

Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes.

Significance: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolise liquids that contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol and appealing flavours. In the USA, regulations have limited the availability of flavoured e-cigarettes in pod-based systems, and further tightening is expected. In response, some e-cigarette users may attempt to make their e-liquids (do-it-yourself, DIY).

Preliminary evidence on cigarette nicotine reduction with concurrent access to an e-cigarette: Manipulating cigarette nicotine content, e-liquid nicotine content, and e-liquid flavor availability.

The reinforcing characteristics of e-cigarettes could moderate the impact of reducing cigarette nicotine content. In this study, people who smoke daily were recruited from North Carolina and Pennsylvania (US) in 2018 and 2019. Within a randomized 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, participants received investigational cigarettes and an e-cigarette for 12 weeks.

Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Flux, Nicotine Yield, and Particulate Matter Emissions: Impact of Device and Liquid Heterogeneity.

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) heat a nicotine-containing liquid to produce an inhalable aerosol. ECIG power (wattage) and liquid nicotine concentration are two factors that predict nicotine emission rate ("flux"). These factors can vary greatly across devices and users.

Combinations of electronic nicotine delivery system device and liquid characteristics among U.S. adults.

Introduction: The combination of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) device and liquid characteristics affect user nicotine and toxicant exposure, however population-level national survey studies have not reported device and liquid features jointly nor in detail. We examined combinations of characteristics of devices and liquids used by adult ENDS users.

Methods: U.

Common Measures to Evaluate Flavored Tobacco Products: Recommendations From the Tobacco Centers for Regulatory Science (TCORS) Flavored Tobacco Products Measurement Subcommittee.

Introduction: Flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and tobacco products are associated with the initiation and progression of tobacco use. With recent restrictions around flavored products, it is critical to measure both the product and the flavor being used. The Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) Flavored Tobacco Products Measurement Subcommittee (FTPMS) was established to develop core measures to assess flavored tobacco and ENDS product usage, facilitate data harmonization, replicability, and comparisons across studies.

Perceived Barriers to Serving on National Institutes of Health Scientific Review Groups Experienced by Black and African American Scientists.

Importance: African American and Black scientists are awarded disproportionately fewer National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants than White scientists. Increasing Black representation on NIH scientific review groups (SRGs) likely will contribute to increased equity in funding rates because research topics of Black and African American scientists' submitted applications will be more highly valued; however, Black and African American scientists often perceive barriers that prevent them from serving on NIH SRGs.

Objective: To examine perceived barriers that prevent Black and African American scientists from serving on NIH SRGs.

The Association Between Tobacco Retailer Outlet Density and Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Virginia.

Objective: We examine the association between tobacco retail outlet density and adult smoking prevalence at the county level in Virginia, controlling for spatial autocorrelations.

Aims And Methods: Pooling data from 2020 County Health Rankings (compiled data from various sources including, but not limited to, the National Center for Health Statistics-Mortality Files, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and the American Community Survey) and Counter Tools, we conducted regression analyses that accounted for spatial autocorrelation (spatial lag models, LMlag) and adjusted for county-level access to healthcare, demographics, SES, environmental factors, risk conditions or behaviors, and population health measures.

Results: Our estimates provide evidence that every increase of one tobacco retail outlet per 1000 persons was associated with 1.

Centering racial justice for Black/African American and Indigenous American people in commercial tobacco product regulation.

Although overall health in the United States (US) has improved dramatically during the past century, long-standing health inequities, particularly the unequal and unjust burden of tobacco-related disease and death among racialized populations, persist. A considerable gap exists in our understanding of how commercial tobacco product regulations and policies cause and/or exacerbate race-based health inequities among Black/African American (B/AA) and Indigenous American people. The purpose of this paper is to 1) describe how existing US commercial tobacco regulatory policies may contribute to structural racism and undermine the full benefits of tobacco prevention and control efforts among B/AA and Indigenous American groups; and 2) initiate a call to action for researchers and regulators of tobacco products to examine policies using an equity lens.

Emerging ENDS products and challenges in tobacco control toxicity research.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to rapidly evolve. Current products pose unique challenges and opportunities for researchers and regulators. This commentary aims to highlight research gaps, particularly in toxicity research, and provide guidance on priority research questions for the tobacco regulatory community.

Interactive effects of protonated nicotine concentration and device power on ENDS nicotine delivery, puff topography, and subjective effects.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) produce an aerosol by heating a liquid that often contains nicotine. The nicotine can be protonated that may make the aerosol easier to inhale than freebase nicotine. This study's purpose is to determine, in cigarette smokers and ENDS users, the effects of three concentrations of protonated nicotine aerosolized at two different power settings.

Effect of menthol/mint-flavored pods on young JUUL E-cigarette users' subjective experience, puffing behavior, and nicotine exposure: A pilot study.

Background: Recent regulations have banned all flavors except menthol/mint and classic tobacco from pod-based e-cigarette devices such as JUUL. However, menthol/mint flavor can present a potential risk given its increasing popularity among young people in the US and its puffing and nicotine-enhancing properties. This study examines the impact of menthol/mint flavor manipulation on users' puffing behavior, subjective experience, and nicotine exposure among young people.

Analysis of mainstream emissions, secondhand emissions and the environmental impact of IQOS waste: a systematic review on IQOS that accounts for data source.

Objective: To highlight the general features of IQOS literature focusing on the chemical analysis of IQOS emissions.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched on 8 November 2021 using the terms 'heated tobacco product', 'heat-not-burn', 'IQOS' and 'tobacco heating system' with time restriction (2010-2021). The search yielded 5480 records.