Prescription Drug Misuse with Alcohol Coingestion among US Adolescents: Youth Experiences, Health-related Factors, and Other Substance Use Behaviors.

Background: While alcohol use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) are common among adolescents, there is relatively little research on coingestion. This is disquieting as polysubstance use has become a major contributing factor in drug overdose deaths among young people in the United States.

Methods: The current research uses multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019) to assess characteristics associated with coingestion among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years ( N = 57,352).

Cocaine or Methamphetamine Use During Young Adulthood Following Stimulant Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During Adolescence.

Importance: The prescribing of stimulant medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased in the US. Prescription stimulants are one of the most commonly misused controlled substances during adolescence. Despite a 10-fold increase in stimulant-related overdose deaths in the past decade, the transitions from prescription stimulants to illicit stimulants (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine) remain relatively unknown in longitudinal population-based studies.

Adolescents' Nicotine/Tobacco Dependency Symptoms Using 4 Waves of PATH Data.

Objective: We aimed to characterize male and female adolescents' use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes and dual use, and seven symptoms of nicotine/tobacco dependence using four waves of national data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods: The analytic sample included 2902 adolescents 12-17 years who indicated past 30-day e-cigarette or cigarette use at least once between 2013-2018. Items from the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) were used to report dependence symptoms.

Ethnic Discrimination, Sexual Orientation Discrimination, and DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Among U.S. Latino or Hispanic Adults.

We aimed to assess the probability of past-year DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and past-year moderate-to-severe DSM-5 AUD as a function of past-year ethnic discrimination among U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults and as a function of past-year discrimination types among Latino/Hispanic sexual minorities (SM).

Use of Opioid-Sparing Protocols and Perceived Postpartum Pain in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Prenatal Opioid Exposure.

Introduction: Opioid-sparing protocols reduce postpartum opioid prescribing in opioid-naïve patients; however, patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and complex pain needs who may benefit from these protocols are typically excluded from them. We assessed postpartum pain experiences of patients with OUD and chronic prenatal opioid exposure after implementation of an opioid-sparing protocol.

Methods: A phone survey assessed postpartum pain experiences for people with chronic prenatal opioid exposure who delivered between January 2020 and August 2021 at an academic hospital.

Differences in HIV testing among sexual orientation subgroups in the United States: A national cross-sectional study.

Understanding differences in HIV testing among US adults is a crucial step for HIV prevention. This study used cross-sectional data to assess whether HIV testing varies across sexual orientation subgroups and by important psychosocial factors. Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; n = 36 309, response rate = 60.

Transitions in Prescription Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse and in Substance Use Disorder Symptoms Through Age 50.

Objective: Prescription benzodiazepines are among the most commonly used and misused controlled medications. The authors aimed to examine transitions from medical use of prescription benzodiazepines to prescription benzodiazepine misuse, prescription opioid misuse, and substance use disorder symptoms during adulthood.

Methods: Eleven national cohorts of U.

Prescription Stimulant Medical and Nonmedical Use Among US Secondary School Students, 2005 to 2020.

Importance: Recent information on the prevalence of prescription stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS) at the school-level among US secondary school students is limited.

Objective: To investigate the school-level prevalence of and association between stimulant therapy for ADHD and NUPS among US secondary school students.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2005 and 2020 as part of the Monitoring the Future study (data collected annually via self-administered survey in schools from independent cohorts).

Type of medication therapy for ADHD and stimulant misuse during adolescence: a cross-sectional multi-cohort national study.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with higher substance use rates. Stimulant and non-stimulant pharmacotherapy improve adolescent ADHD, but their associations with prescription stimulant misuse (PSM), cocaine, and methamphetamine use are unclear. Using 2005-2020 US Monitoring the Future data, we investigated relationships between ADHD pharmacotherapy history and PSM, cocaine, or methamphetamine use.

Substance Use and the Self-Management of Persistent Symptoms of COVID-19.

: Understanding the self-management practices of persistent symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) is critical given the misinformation that has been presented about this disease in the U.S. The purpose of this descriptive study is to assess the self-management of persistent symptoms of COVID-19 with commonly used and misused substances (i.

Examining sexual identity stability and change over time and associations with tobacco use in a nationally representative US sample.

Background: Epidemiologic research has found sexual minority identifying individuals are disproportionately burdened by tobacco use and tobacco use disorder (TUD). However, these studies often conceptualize sexual identity as time-invariant. This study examined sexual identity over time and whether a transition to a sexual minority identity was associated with tobacco outcomes.

Sexual Identity Differences in Tobacco (Re)Uptake: Testing Mediation by Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms.

Introduction: Tobacco use among gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals is disproportionately higher than among heterosexual individuals. Identifying the mechanisms behind these differences can inform prevention and cessation efforts aimed at advancing health equity. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms as mediators of tobacco (re)uptake among sexual minority individuals was examined.

Perceptual differences in nursing implementation leadership and climate: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The literature on perceptual differences between managers and staff regarding social dynamic factors (e.g., leadership, climate) in nursing settings is sparse.

Polysubstance use among young adults and differences in negative alcohol-related sexual experiences.

This study aimed to compare negative alcohol-related sexual experiences among individuals who used (1) alcohol only, (2) alcohol plus marijuana, and (3) alcohol plus marijuana and stimulants. Participants in the analytic sample (N = 1,015; Mean age = 19.16 (SD = 0.

A Risk Education Program Decreases Leftover Prescription Opioid Retention: An RCT.

Introduction: Retaining leftover prescription opioids poses the risks of diversion, misuse, overdose, and death for youth and other family members. This study examined whether a new educational program would enhance risk perceptions and disposal intentions among parents and decrease their retention of leftover prescription opioids.

Study Design: This study is an RCT (NCT03287622).

Is it all in the family? Sexual identity differences in DSM-5 alcohol and other drug use disorders and associations with alcohol and other drug misuse history among parents, offspring, and other relatives.

The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate the prevalence of family history of alcohol and other drug (AOD) misuse (positive family history [FH+]) in first- and second-degree relatives across sexual identity subgroups (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, heterosexual); (2) compare AOD misuse among offspring of sexual minority and heterosexual parents; and (3) examine the relationships between FH+ and the (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other drug use disorder (ODUD) across sexual identity subgroups.

Types of criminal legal system exposure and polysubstance use: Prevalence and correlates among U.S. adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.

Introduction: Criminal legal system (CLS) exposed adults experience higher rates of substance use, substance use disorder (SUD), and overdose. As most CLS exposed adults are not incarcerated, it is important to focus on CLS exposure across the carceral continuum.

Methods: This research used pooled data from adult respondents (N = 206,314) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019).

Family history of substance use disorder and likelihood of prescription drug misuse in adults 50 and older.

Objective: Individuals who are family history positive (FHP) for substance use problems have increased risk for substance use, substance use disorders (SUDs), and psychopathology. Links between FHP status and prescription drug misuse (PDM) have not been well investigated; this study examined PDM in adults 50 and older by FHP status.

Methods: Data were from the US NESARC-III ( = 14,667).

An empirical evaluation of alternative approaches to adjusting for attrition when analyzing longitudinal survey data on young adults' substance use trajectories.

Objectives: Longitudinal survey data allow for the estimation of developmental trajectories of substance use from adolescence to young adulthood, but these estimates may be subject to attrition bias. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most effective statistical methodology to adjust for sample selection and attrition bias when estimating these trajectories. Our objective is to develop specific recommendations regarding adjustment approaches for attrition in longitudinal surveys in practice.

Recent trends in prescription drug misuse in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.

Background And Objectives: To examine changes in United States past-year opioid, stimulant, and benzodiazepine prescription drug misuse (PDM) and poly-PDM by demographics.

Methods: Data were from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 282,768), examining annualized PDM change by demographics.

Results: Opioid and poly-PDM significantly declined among those under 35 years, White, and multiracial residents.

Tobacco Use Among Gender-Varying and Gender-Stable Adolescents and Adults Living in the United States.

Introduction: This study examines the proportion of the United States adolescents and adults who are variable (ie, at least one change in gender identity) versus stable in their gender identities over time, and whether they differ significantly in their nicotine/tobacco use after adjusting for key covariates.

Methods: We fit multivariable logistic regression models to data from Waves 2-4 (2014/15-2016/18) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), a nationally representative study (n = 33 197 U.S.

Factors associated with naloxone availability and dispensing through Michigan's pharmacy standing order.

Pharmacy standing order policies allow pharmacists to dispense naloxone, thereby increasing access to naloxone. To describe pharmacy standing order participation and associations of pharmacy and community characteristics that predict naloxone availability and dispensing across eight counties in Michigan. We conducted a telephone survey of 662 standing order pharmacies with a response rate of 81% (n = 539).

Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood.

Importance: Although more than 1 in every 3 US individuals will develop a substance use disorder (SUD) in their lifetime, relatively little is known about the long-term sequelae of SUD symptoms from adolescence through adulthood.

Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal associations between adolescents' SUD symptom severity with later medical use of prescription drugs (ie, opioids, sedatives, and tranquilizers), prescription drug misuse (PDM), and SUD symptoms at ages 35 to 50 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Eleven cohorts of US 12th grade students were followed longitudinally from age 18 years (1976-1986) to age 50 years (2008-2018) in the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study.